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Uncial
The Greek characters of upper case: ABGDE, etc. Different copies of Greek
manuscripts appear in Uncial form. Minuscules are the lower case letters
of the Greek alphabet
order and rank.
Unitarianism
A theological error that
holds to the unity of God by denying the Trinity, the deity of Jesus, and
the deity of the Holy Spirit. Unitarians teach the unity of God and
hold to a common system of believing as you will about God, salvation,
sin, etc. They often profess to have no dogma. Unitarians also
hold to the universal redemption of all mankind.
Universalism
The teaching that all people will eventually be saved
through the universal redemption of Jesus. Some universalists teach
that even the devil, after a time of punishment, will be redeemed.
Vellum
A material used for writing, like paper. It was made from animal skins,
usually from cattle, sheep, goats, and antelope. The hair was scraped off
of the skins, then they were washed, smoothed, and dressed with chalk.
Vellum was used until the late Middle Ages until paper was introduced into
Europe from China via Arab traders. Vellum lasted longer than papyrus and
was tougher, but the edges sometimes became torn and tattered. The two
oldest parchment manuscripts are the Codex Vaticanus (from Egypt) and the
Codex Sinaiticus.
Venial Sin
In Catholicism, a sin but not as bad as
mortal Sin.
It lessens the grace of God within a person's soul.
Vicarious Atonement
The theory of
the atonement which states that Christ's death was "legal." It
satisfied the legal justice of God. Jesus bore the penalty of sin
when he died on the cross. His death was a substitution for the
believers. In other words, he substituted himself for them upon the
cross. Jesus hung in our place as He bore our sin in his body on the
cross. See 1 Pet. 2:24.
Word, The
In Greek the word for "word" is logos. It is used in many places, but
of special interest is how it is used of Jesus. In
John 1:1 it says, "In the
beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God."
The Word is divine and the word "became flesh and dwelt among us" (John
1:14). In other words, Jesus is the Word of God who represents God to
us and us to God.
The term is also used to describe the Scriptures (Rom.
9:6; Heb. 4:12), Christ's
teaching (Luke 5:1), and the
gospel message (Acts 4:31).
The Word of God:
Worship
The obligation of God's creation to give to Him all honor, praise,
adoration, and glory due Him because He is the holy and divine creator.
Worship is to be given to God only (Exodus
20:3; Matt. 4:10). Jesus,
being God in flesh (John 1:1,14 ;
Col. 2:9), was worshipped (Matt.
2:2,11;
14:33;
John 9:35-38;
Heb. 1:6).
Wrath
Biblically, it is the divine judgment upon sin and sinners. It does
not merely mean that it is a casual response by God to ungodliness, but
carries the meaning of hatred, revulsion, and indignation. God is by
nature love (1
John 4:16), however, in His justice He must punish sin. The punishment
is called the wrath of God. It will occur on the final Day of Judgment
when those who are unsaved will incur the wrath of God. It is, though,
presently being released upon the ungodly (Rom.
1:18-32) in the hardening of their hearts.
Wrath is described as God's anger (Num.
32:10-13), as stored up (Rom.
2:5-8), and as great (Zech.
7:12). The believer's deliverance from God's wrath is through the
atonement (Rom. 5:8-10). "For
God has not destined us for wrath, but for obtaining salvation through our
Lord Jesus Christ" (1
Thess. 5:9).
Yin and Yang
A dualistic philosophy of passive and active, good and
bad, light and dark, positive and negative, male and female, etc., and
that they are in opposition, each is part of the whole and works together.
Yoga
A philosophical as well as physical way of life
emphasizing harmony of body and mind. The philosophy of yoga is
based in Eastern
Metaphysical beliefs. The goal of the philosophy is to
help a person become balanced in mind and body and attain
self-enlightenment. Yoga, apart from its metaphysical teachings, is
beneficial to the body.
Zodiac
The stars in the heavens divided into twelve main
groups. Imaginary patterns are imposed upon various star patterns as
an aid to remember the stars. In
Astrology, the Zodiac signs signify personality types for the people
born under them. The Zodiac signs are determined by durations of
time in the calendar. The twelve signs are Aries, Taurus,
Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn,
Aquarius, and Pisces.
1. Adapted from Baker's Dictionary of Theology, p. 470.
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