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Encyclopedia Britannica



ZOISITE

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 1001 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
ZOISITE , a
rock
 -forming
mineral
 , consisting of basic
calcium
  and
aluminium
  silicate, Ca2(AlOH)Al2(SiO4)3, crystallizing in the orthorhombic
system
 . It is closely related to
epidote
  (q.v.) both in the angles of the crystals and in chemical composition: a zoisite containing some
iron
  replacing
aluminium
  may be identical in composition with an
epidote
  (" clinozoisite ") poor in
iron
 . The crystals are prismatic in habit and are deeply furrowed parallel to their length; terminal planes are rare; there is a perfect cleavage parallel to the brachy-pinacoid. Columnar and compact masses are more common. The hardness is 61 and the specific gravity 3'25-3.37. The colour is often grey; a rose-red variety, known as " thulite," occurs with sky-blue vesuvianite at Telemarken in Norway, and has been used to a limited extent as an ornamental stone. According to differences in the
optical
  characters, two kinds of zoisite have been distinguished. Zoisite is a product of dynamo-metamorphism, and occurs as a constituent of some crystalline
schists, such as
amphibolite
  and eclogite. It was first observed by Baron Zois (after whom it was named) in the eclogite of Sau-Alpe in Carinthia; other localities are the Ducktown copper mines in
Tennessee
 , where it occurs embedded in chalcopyrite; Loch Garve in Ross-shire, &c. The " saussurite " of the Alps and elsewhere, which has resulted from the alteration of the plagioclase felspar of gabbro, consists largely of zoisite with epidote. (L. J. S.)


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