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Encyclopedia Britannica



ZITTEL, KARL ALFRED VON (18391904)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 992 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
ZITTEL, KARL ALFRED VON (18391904) , German palaeontologist, was born at Bahlingen in Baden on the 25th of September 1839. He was educated at Heidelberg, Paris and Vienna. For a short period he served on the Geological Survey of Austria, and as assistant in the mineralogical museum at Vienna. In 1863 he became teacher of geology and
mineralogy
  in the
polytechnic
  at Carlsruhe, and three years later he succeeded Oppel as professor of palaeontology in the university of Munich, with the charge of the state collection of fossils. In 188o he was appointed to the geological professorship, and eventually to the directorship of the natural history museum of Munich. His earlier
work
  comprised a monograph on the Cretaceous bivalve mollusca of Gosau (186366); and an essay on the Tithonian stage (187o), regarded as equivalent to the Purbeck and
Wealden
  formations. In 187374 he accompanied the Rohifs expedition to the Libyan desert, the primary results of which were published in Uber den geologischen Bau der libyschen Wiiste (188o), and further details in the Palaeontographica (1883). Dr
Zittel
  was distinguished for his palaeontological researches. From 1869 until the close of his life he was
chief
  editor of the Palaeontographica (founded in 1846 by W. Dunker and H. von Meyer). In 1876 he commenced the publication cf his
great
 
work
 , Handbuch der Palaeontologie, which was completed in 1893 in five volumes, the fifth volume on palaeobotany being prepared by W. P. Schimper and A. Schenk. To make his work as trustworthy as possible Dr
Zittel
  made
special
  studies of each
great
  group, commencing with the fossil sponges, on which he published a monograph (187779). In 1895 he issued a summary of his larger work entitled Grundzuge der Palaeontologie (ed. 2, part 1, Invertebrata, revised by Dr Zittel in 1903; the American edition of 1900 by C. R. Eastman is so revised, sometimes in opposition to Zittel's views, as to be practically an independent work). He was author of Aus der Urzeit (1873, ed. 2, 1875); and Die Sahara (1883). In 1899 he published Geschichte der Geologic and Paiaeontologie bis Ende des 19 Jahrhunderis, a monumental history of the progress of geological science (Eng. trans., Mrs Maria M. Ogilvie-Gordon, 1901). Dr Zittel was from 1899 president of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, and in 1894 he was awarded the Wollaston medal by the Geological Society of London. He died on the 5th of January 1904.
Obituary with portrait and bibliography, by Dr F. L. Kitchin, Geol. Mag. (February 1904).
I 2 3 4 5
No. I is only used for pas-sages in
double
  notes and for chords.
v v
ZIZKA
 -ZOBEIR RAHAMA


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