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Encyclopedia Britannica



ZITTAU

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 991 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
ZITTAU , a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Saxony, on the left bank of the Mandan, near its confluence with the Neisse, close to the Bohemian and Silesian frontier, 25 M. by rail S.E. of Bautzen, 48 E.S.E. of Dresden and at the junction of lines to
Reichenberg
  (in Bohemia), Eibau and Hermsdorf. Pop. (1905) 34,706. The town
hall
 
dates
  from. 1844, and contains a beautiful
hall
  with rich stained glass windows. Among the six Evangelical churches, the following are noticeable: that of St John, rebuilt in 1834 37, with twin spires, and the church of St Peter and St Paul, with its elegant tower, which formerly belonged to an old Franciscan monastery. The latter was restored in 1882 and part of it fitted up as an historical
ZITTEL
  991
museum. Another wing of this building contains the municipal library of 40,000 volumes and valuable manuscripts: Zittau is well equipped with schools, including a. gymnasium and a commercial school, which are both accommodated in the Johanneum, and several technical institutions. There are also a theatre, well-equipped public baths and a richly endowed
hospital
 
    See Also:
. Zittau is one of the
chief
  manufacturing towns of Saxony. The leading branch of industry is linen and damask weaving; but woollen stuffs, trimmings, &c., are also produced in the factories of the town, and in the surrounding weaving villages, sixty-six of which, with 113,455 (1900) inhabitants, are included in the municipal jurisdiction. The
corporation
  owns valuable forests on the mountains of Upper Lusatia and other estates, the annual income of which is about 15,000. There are various steam-mills, iron-foundries, brick-fields and potteries near the town, and extensive deposits of lignite.
Zittau is of Wendish origin (Chytawa is its Wendish name), and was made a town by Ottocar II. of Bohemia. It was one of the six towns of the Lusatian League (1346), at which period it belonged to Bohemia. It suffered severely in the Hussite wars and in the Thirty Years' War, and was bombarded and burnt by the Austrians in 1757 during the Seven Years' War. The musical composer Marschner (17951861) was born at Zittau.
See Carpzov, Analecta fastorum Zittaviensium (
Leipzig
 , 17'6); Moschkau, Zittau and seine Umgebung (5th ed., Zittau, 1893) ; and Lamprecht, Wegweiser durch Zittau and das Zittauer Gebirge (Zittau, 1901).


End of Article: ZITTAU


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