ZINDER

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 985 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM

ZINDER , a town on the northern margin of the central Sudan. Zinder is a

great

GREAT

emporium of the trade across the Sahara between the Hausa states of the

south

SOUTH
SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

and the Tuareg countries and

Tripoli

in the north. Its ruler was formerly subordinate to Bornu, but with the decline of that kingdom shook off the yoke of the sultan, and on the conquest of that country by Rabah (q.v.) seems to have maintained his independence. The country of which Zinder is the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

is known as Damerghu. It is semi-fertile, and supports considerable numbers of horses and sheep, besides troops of camels. By the Anglo-French agreement of June 1898 it was included in the French sphere, having already been the object of French political action. The explorer Cazemajou was assassinated there in 1897, but the town was occupied in July 1899, after a slight resistance, by

Lieutenant

LIEUTENANT

Pallier of the reconstructed Voulet-Chanoine mission (see

SENEGAL

SENEGAL

, country). A French post (named Fort Cazemajou) was built outside the town on a mound of huge granite blocks. Zinder was the first point in the Sudan reached by F. Foureau after his

great

GREAT

journey across the Sahara via Air in 1899. Subsequently Commandant Gadel, from his head-quarters at Zinder, mapped and pacified the surrounding region, and sent out columns of meharistes (camel-corps) which occupied the

oasis

OASIS (Gr. &toss, the name given by Herodotus to the fertile spots in the Libyan desert: it probably represents an Egyptian word, cf. Coptic ouahe, ouih, to dwell, from which the Egyptian Arabic sod is derived)

of Air and Bilma in 1906. Zinder is a large and fine town surrounded with high earthen walls, very thick at the base and pierced with seven gates. Its houses, in part built of clay, in part of straw, are interspersed with trees. There is an important colony of Tuareg merchants, who occupy the suburb of Zengu, and who deal in a variety of wares, from

cotton

COTTON
COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
LYNCH
- LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)
_181.html">COTTON, GEORGE
EDWARD
- EDWARD
LYNCH
- LYNCH, PATRICIO (1825–1886)
(1813–1866)
COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

, silks, spices, ostrich feathers, &c., to French scent bottles. Salt is a great article of merchandise. A busy market is held outside one of the gates. Administratively Damerghu is dependent on the French colony of Upper

Senegal

SENEGAL

and Niger.
See Cazemajou, in Bul. Corn. de l'Afrique Francaise (1900) ; F. Foureau, in La Geographie (December 1900), D'Alger an Congo par le Tchad (Paris, 1902); Joalland, in La Geographic, vol. iii. (1901) ; E. Arnaud and M. Cortier, Nos Confins.Sahariens (Paris, 1908) ; C. Jean, Les Touarag du Sud-Est (Paris, 1909).

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