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Encyclopedia Britannica



ZERMATT

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 975 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
ZERMATT , a
mountain
 
village
  at the head of the Visp valley and at the foot of the Matterhorn, in the
canton
  of the
Valais
 , Switzerland. It is 22i M. by rail from Visp in the Rhone valley, and there is also a railway from Zermatt past the Riffelinns to the very top of the Gornergrat (10,289 ft.). The
village
  iS 5315 ft. above the sea, and in ',goo had 741 permanent in-habitants (all Romanists save 9, and all but 12 German-speaking),
resident
  in 73 houses. Formerly Zermatt was called " Praborgne," and this name is mentioned in the Swiss
census
  of 1888. Its originally Romance population seems to have been Teutonised in the course of the 15th century, the name " Matt " (now written " Zermatt," i.e. the village on the meadows) first occurring at the very end of that century. Zermatt was
long
  known to botanists and geologists only, and has an interesting though very local history. De Saussure in 1789 was one of the first tourists to visit it. But it was not till the arrival of M. Alexandre Seiler in 1854 that its fame as one of the
chief
  tourist resorts in the Alps was laid, for tourists abound only where there are good inns. When M. Seiler died in 1891 he was proprietor of most of the
great
  hotels in and around Zermatt. The Matterhorn, which frowns over the village from which it takes its name, was not conquered till 1865, Mr E. Whymper and two guides then alone surviving the terrible accident in which their four comrades perished. The easy glacier pass of the St Theodule (10,899 ft.) leads S. in six
hours
  from the village to the Val Tournanche, a tributary glen of the valley of Aosta.


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