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Encyclopedia Britannica



YTTRIUM [symbol, Y; atomic weight, 89.0 (0 =16)]

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 942 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
YTTRIUM [symbol, Y; atomic weight, 89.0 (0 =16)] , a metallic chemical
element
 . In its character yttrium is closely allied to, and in nature is always associated with,
cerium
 , lanthanum, didymium and erbium (see RARE EARTHS). For the preparation of yttrium compounds the best raw material is gadolinite, which, according to
Konig
 , consists of 22.61% of silica, 34.64 of yttria, Y203, and 42.75 of the oxides of erbium,
cerium
 , didymium, lanthanum, iron,
beryllium
 ,
calcium
 , magnesium and sodium. The extraction (as is the case with all the rare earths) is a matter of
great
  difficulty. Metallic yttrium is obtainable as a dark grey powder by reducing the chloride with potassium, or by electrolysing the
double
  chloride of yttrium and sodium. It decomposes water slowly in the cold, and more rapidly on
heating
 . Yttria, Y203, is a yellowish white powder, which at high temperatures radiates out a most brilliant white light. It is soluble, slowly but completely, in
mineral
  acids. It is recognized by its very characteristic spark spectrum. Solutions of yttria salts in their behaviour to reagents are not unlike those of zirconia. The atomic
weight
  was determined by Cleve.


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