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Encyclopedia Britannica



YOUGHAL (pronounced Yawl)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 938 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
YOUGHAL (pronounced Yawl) , a seaport, market town and watering-place of county Cork, Ireland, on the W. side of the Blackwater estuary, and on the Cork & Youghal branch of the
Great
  Southern & Western railway, 264 m. E. of Cork. Pop. (1901) 5393 The collegiate church of St Mary, in the later Decorated style, was erected in the 1th century, but rebuilt in the 13th, and since that time frequently restored. It contains a beautiful monument to the 1st
earl
  of Cork. The college was founded by an
earl
  of Desmond in 1464. There are still a few fragments of the Dominican friary founded in 1269. The Clock Gate (1771) is noticeable, and portions of the old walls are to be seen. Myrtle Grove was formerly the residence of Sir Walter Raleigh. He was mayor of Youghal in 1588-8g, and is said to have first cultivated the
potato
  here. The harbour is safe and commodious, but has a bar at the mouth. At the N. extremity of the harbour the river is crossed by a bridge on wooden piles. The principal exports are corn and other agricultural produce; the imports are coal,
culm
 , timber and slate. Coarse earthenware and bricks are manufactured. Fine point-lace commanding high prices is made by the Presentation Sisters. The Blackwater is famous for salmon, and sea-fishing is important. The Strand, the modern portion of the town, has all the attributes of a seaside resort.
Youghal (Eschaill, " the Yew
wood
  ") was made a
settlement
  of the Northmen in the 9th century, and was incorporated by King John in 1209. The Franciscan monastery, founded at Youghal by FitzGerald in 1224, was the earliest
house
  of that order in Ireland. Sir Roger Mortimer landed at Youghal in 1317. The town was plundered by the earl of Desmond in 1579. In 1641 it was garrisoned and defended by the earl of Cork. In 1649 it declared for the
parliament
 , and was occupied as his headquarters by Cromwell. It sent two members to
parliament
  from 1374 till the Union, .after that only one down to 1885.


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