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Encyclopedia Britannica



YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 926 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM
YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402) , fifth son of Edward III., was born at King's
Langley
  in Hertford-shire on the 5th of June 1341. He accompanied his father on a campaign in France in 13J9, was created
earl
  of
Cambridge
  in 1362, and took part in expeditions to France and Spain, being present at the sack of
Limoges
  in 1370. After marrying Isabella (d. 1393), daughter of Peter the Cruel, king of Castile, he was appointed one of the English lieutenants in Brittany, whither he led an army in 1375. A second campaign in Brittany was followed in 1381 by an expedition under the
earl
 's leadership to
aid Ferdinand, king of Portugal, in his struggle with John I., king of Castile; but after a period of inaction Edmund was compelled to return to England as Ferdinand had concluded an independent peace with Castile. Accompanying Richard II. on his march into Scotland, he was created duke of
York
  in August 1385, and subsequently on three occasions he acted as regent of England. In this capacity he held a parliament in 1395, and he was again serving as regent when Henry of
Lancaster
 , after-wards Henry IV., landed in England in July 1399. After a feeble attempt to defend the interests of the absent king,
York
  joined the victorious invader; but soon retired from public life, and, in the words of Froissart as translated by Lord Berners,
laye styll in his castell, and medled with nothynge of the busynesse of Englande." He died at King's Langley on the 1st of August 1402. York was a man who preferred pleasure to business, and during the
critical
  events of his nephew's reign he was content to be guided by his more ambitious brothers, the dukes of
Lancaster
  and Gloucester. His second wife was Joan, or Johanna (d.2434), daughter of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent, but his only children were two sons and a daughter, Constance (d. 1416), by his first wife.


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