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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM |
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YNVOLUTION (Lat. involvere, to roll up) , a rolling up or complication. In arithmetic, involution is the operation of raising a quantity to any power; it is the converse of evolution, which is the operation of extracting any root of a quantity (see ARITHMETIC; ALGEBRA). In geometry, an involution is a one-to-one correspondence between two ranges of points or between two pencils (see GEOMETRY: Projective). The " involute " of a curve may he regarded as the locus of the extremity of a string
(see INFINITESIMAL CALCULUS). I0, in Greek mythology, daughter of Inachus, the river-god of Argos and its first king. As associated with the oldest worship of Hera she is called the daughter of Peiren, who made the first image of that goddess out of a pear-tree at Tiryns; and under the name of Callithyia Io was regarded as the first priestess of Hera. Zeus fell in love with her, and, to protect her from the wrath of Hera, changed her into a white heifer (Apollodorus ii. 1; Hyginus, Fab. 145; Ovid, Metam. i. 568733); according to Aeschylus (Supplices, 299) the metamorphosis was the work
original
dates
Greece
exerted on Greek thought by Egyptian religion. According to the rationalistic explanation of Herodotus (i. 1) Io was an Argive princess who was carried off to Egypt by the Phoenicians. Epaphus, the son of lo, the supposed founder of Memphis, was identified with Apis
Io herself is variously interpreted. She is usually understood to be the moon in the midst of the mighty heaven, studded with stars, represented by Argus. According to others, she is the annual rising of the Nile; the personification of the Ionian race; the mist; the earth. It seems probable that she was a duplicate of Hera (lo 0obKepws is Hera /3o&nrts), or a deity in primitive times worshipped under the symbol of a cow, whose worship was superseded by that of Hera; the recollection of this early identity would account for Io being regarded as the priestess of the goddess in later times. Amongst the Romans she was sometimes identified with Anna Perenna. The legend of Io spread beyond Argos, especially in Byzantium and Euboea, where it was associated with the town of Argura. It was a favourite subject among Greek painters, and many representations of it are preserved on vases and wall
See R. Engelmann, De lone (1868), with notes containing references to authorities, and his article in Roscher's Lexikon der Mythologie; J. Overbeck, De lone, lelluris, non lunge, Dea (1872); P. W. Forchhammer, Die Wanderungen der Inachostochter lo (1881), with map and special
Review (1893, p. 76); Bacchylides xviii. (xix.), with Jebb's notes.End of Article: YNVOLUTION (Lat. involvere, to roll up) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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