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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: YAK-ZYM |
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YAZDEGERD (" made by God," Izdegerdes) , the name of three Sassanid kings of Persia. (I) YAZDEGERD I., son of Shapur III., 399-420, called "the sinner" by the Persians, was a highly intelligent ruler, who tried to emancipate himself from the dominion of the magnates and the Magian priests. He punished the nobles severely when they attempted oppression; he stopped the persecution of the Christians and granted them their own organization. With the Roman Empire he lived in peace and friendship, and is therefore as much praised by the Byzantine authors (Procop. Pers. i. 2; Agath. iv. 26) as he is blamed by the Persians. After a reign of twenty years he appears to have been murdered in Khorasan. (2) YAZDEGERD II., was the son of Bahram V. Gor, 438-457. He persecuted the Christians and Jews, and had a short war with Rome in 441. He tried to extend his kingdom in the East and fought against the Kushans and Kidarites (or Huns). (3) YAZDEGERD III., a grandson of Chosroes II., who had been murdered by his son Kavadh II. in 628, was raised to the throne in 632 after a series of internal conflicts. He was a mere child and never really ruled; in his first year the Arabic invasion began, and in 637 the battle of Kadisiya decided the fate of the empire. Ctesiphon was occupied by the Arabs, and the king fled into Media. Yazdegerd fled from one district to another, till at last he was murdered at Mery in 651 (see CALIPHATE, sect. A. 1). The Parsees, who use the old Persian calendar, continue to count the years from his accession (era of Yazdegerd, beginning June 16th, A.D. 632). - (ED. M.) YEAST (O.E. giest or gyst; the root yes-, to boil, ferment, is seen in Sansk. nir-ydsa, exudations from trees, and Gr. Ntv, to boil), a cellular organism produced in the alcoholic fernnentat1on of saccharine liquids (see FUNGI, FERMENTATION, BREWING). YEATS, WILLIAM BUTLER (1865 ), Irish author, son of J. B. Yeats (b. 1839), a distinguished Irish artist and member of the Royal Hibernian Academy, was born at Sandymount, Dublin, on the 13th of June 1865. At nine years old he went to live with his parents in London, and was sent to the Godolphin School, Hammersmith. At fifteen he went to the Erasmus Smith School in Dublin. Later he studied painting for a short time at the Royal Dublin Society, but soon turned to9I0 literature, contributing poems and articles to the Dublin University Review and other Irish periodicals
original
touch impressed discerning critics, and started a new interest
movement
Series ," edited by Ernest Rhys, Fairy and Folk Tales, a collection of Irish folklore, and Tales from Carleton, with original
spring of 1894, published in May of that year. He contributed to various periodicals
Secret Rose, a collection of Irish Iegends and tales in prose, with poetry interspersed, containing the stories of Hanrahan the Red. The same year he printed privately The Tables of the Law and the Adoration of the Magi, afterwards published in a volume of Mr Elkin Mathews's " Vigo Street Cabinet " in 1904. In 1889 he published The Wind among the Reeds, containing some of his best lyrics, and in 190o another poetical drama, The Shadowy Waters. He now became specially interested in the establishment
movement
Seethe section on W. B. Yeats in Poets of the Younger Generation by William Archer (1902), and for bibliography up to June 1903, English Illustrated Magazine, vol. xxix. (N.S.) p. 288. A library edition of his collected works in prose and verse was issued by Mr Bullen from the Shakespeare Head Works, Stratford-on-Avon, in 8 vols., 1go8. End of Article: YAZDEGERD (" made by God," Izdegerdes) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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