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Encyclopedia Britannica



XANTHIC ACID (xanthogenic acid)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 881 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
XANTHIC ACID (xanthogenic acid) , C2H5OCSSH, an organic acid named from the Greek EavBor, yellow, in allusion to the
bright
  yellow colour of its copper
salt
 . The salts of this acid are formed by the action of carbon bisulphide on the alcoholates, or on alcoholic solutions of the
caustic
  alkalis. They react with the alkyl iodides to form dialkyl esters of the dithio-carbonic acid, which readily decompose into mercaptans and thiocarbamic esters on treatment with ammonia: C2H5OCSSR1+NH3=C2H5OCSNH2+R1SH; with the
alkali
  alcoholates they give salts of the alkyl thiocarbonic acids: C2H5OCSSR +CH3OK+H2O= CH3OCOSK+C2H5OH+RSH.
Ethyl
  xanthic at-id, C2H5OCSSH, is obtained by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on the potassium
salt
  at o C. (Zeise, Bern. Jahresb., 3, p. 83). It is a colourless oil which is very unstable, decomposi at 25 C. into carbon bisulphideand alcohol. The potassium salt crystallizes in colourless needles and is formed by shaking carbon bisulphide with a solution of
caustic
  potash in
absolute
  alcohol. On the addition of cupric sulphate to its aqueous solution it yields a yellow precipitate of cupric xanthate. Potassium xanthate is used in indigo printing and also as an antidote for
phylloxera
 . Tschugaeff (Ber., 1899, 32, p. 3332) has used the xanthic ester formation for the preparation of various terpenes, the methyl ester when distilled under slightly diminished pressure decomposing, in the sense of the equation, CH2n_1.O.CSSCH3= CH2_2+COS+CH3SH. According to the author molecular
change
  in the hydrocarbon is prevented, since no acid agent is used.


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