WOOD GREEN

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 802 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK

WOOD GREEN , an urban

district

DISTRICT

in the Tottenham parliamentary division of

Middlesex

MIDDLESEX
MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST
EARL
- EARL
OF (1575-1645)

, England, suburban to London, 7 M. N. of St Paul's Cathedral, on the Great Northern railway. Pop. (1891) 25,831, (1901) 34,233. The name covers a populous residential

district

DISTRICT

lying north of Hornsey and west of Tottenham. To the west lies Muswell Hill, with the grounds and building of the Alexandra Palace, an

establishment

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement,
late
- LATE
Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

somewhat similar to the Crystal Palace. It was opened in 1873, destroyed by fire almost immediately, and reopened in 1875. Muswell Hill
II
took name from a holy well, of high repute for curative powers, over which an oratory was erected early in the 12th century, attached to the priory of St John of Jerusalem in Clerkenwell.

WOOD

-LOUSE, a name commonly applied to certain terrestrial Crustacea of the order Isopoda (see MALACOSTRACA), which are found in

damp

DAMP

places, under stones or dead leaves, or among decaying

wood

. They form the tribe Oniscoidea and are distinguished from all other Isopoda by their habit of living on land and breathing air, and by a number of structural characters, such as the small size of the antennules and the absence of the mandibular pulp. As in most Isopods, the

body

BODY

is flattened, and consists of a head, seven thoracic segments which are always free, and six abdominal segments which may be free or fused. The " telson " is not separated from the Iast abdominal segment. The head bears a pair of sessile compound eyes as well as the minute antennules and the longer antennae. Each of the seven thoracic segments carries a pair of walking legs. The appendages of the abdomen (with the exception of the last pair) are flat membranous plates and serve as organs of respiration. In many cases their outer branches have small cavities opening to the outside by slit-like apertures, and giving rise internally to a system of ramifying tubules filled with air. From their similarity to the air tubes or tracheae of insects and other
air-breathing Arthropods these tubules are known as " pseudo-tracheae."
The female wood-louse carries her eggs, after they are extruded from the

body

BODY

, in a pouch or " marsupium " which covers the under surface of the

thorax

THORAX (Gr. BWpaE, breastplate, also the part of the body covered by it)

and is formed by overlapping plates attached to the bases of the first five pairs of legs. The

young

, on leaving this pouch, are like miniature adults except that they are without the last pair of legs. Like all Arthropoda, they cast their skin frequently during growth. As a rule the skin of the hinder half of the body is moulted some days before that of the
front half, so that individuals in process of moulting have a very peculiar appearance.
Some twenty-four species of wood-lice occur in the British Islands.
Some, like the very common slaty-blue Porcellio scaber, are practically
cosmopolitan in their distribution, having
been transported, probably by the uncon-
scious agency of man, to nearly all parts of
the globe. Equally common is the brown,
yellow-spotted Oniscus asellus. Armadillidium
vulgare belongs to a group which have the
power of rolling themselves up into a ball
when touched and resembles the millipede
Glomeris. It was formerly employed in
popular medicine as a ready-made pill. The
largest British species is Ligia oceanica, which
frequents the sea-shore, just above high-
water mark. In many points of structure, Common Vi ood-louse, for instance in the long, many-jointed
Oniscus asellus. antennae, it is intermediate, as' it is in
habits, between the truly terrestrial forms and their marine allies. Finally, one of the most interesting species is the little, blind, and colourless Platyarthrus hoffmannseggi, which lives as a guest or commensal in the nests of ants. (W. T. CA.)

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