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Encyclopedia Britannica



WOLLASTON, WILLIAM (1659--1724)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 776 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WOLLASTON, WILLIAM (1659--1724) , English philosophical writer, was born at Coton-Clanford in Staffordshire, on the 26th of
March
  16 J9. On leaving Sidney Sussex College,
Cambridge
 , in 1681, he became an ,assistant master at the
Birmingham
  grammar-school, and took holy orders. In 1688 an uncle left him a fortune. He then moved to London, married a lady of wealth, and devoted himself to learning and philosophy. He embodied his views in the one book by which he is remembered, The Religion of Nature Delineated (1st ed. 1722; 2nd ed. 1724). He died in October 1724.
Wollaston's Religion of Nature, which falls between
Clarke
 's Discourse of the Unchangeable Obligations of Natural Religion and Butler's Sermons, was one of the popular philosophical books of its day. To the 8th edition (1750) was added a life of the author. The book was designed to be an answer to two questions: Is there such a thing as natural religion? and, If there is, what is it? Wollaston starts with the assumption that religion and morality are identical, and labours to show that religion is " the pursuit of happiness by the practice of truth and reason." He claims originality for his theory that the moral evil is the
practical
  denial of a true proposition and moral good the affirmation of it (see ETHICS). Wollaston also published anonymously a small book, On the
Design
  of the Book of
Ecclesiastes
 , or the Unreasonableness of Men's Restless Contention for the Present Enjoyments, represented in an English Poem (London, 1691).
See John
Clarke
 , Examination of the Notion of Moral Good and Evil advanced in a
late
  book entitled The Religion of Nature Delineated (London, 1725) ; Drechsler, Ober Wollaston's Moral-Philosophie (Erlangen, 18o2); Sir
Leslie
  Stephen's History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1876), ch. iii. and ch. ix.; H. Sidgwick's History of Ethics (1902), pp. 198 sq.


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