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Encyclopedia Britannica



WOLFF, CASPAR FRIEDRICH (1733-1794)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 774 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WOLFF, CASPAR FRIEDRICH (1733-1794) , German anatomist and physiologist, justly reckoned the founder of
modern
  embryology, was born in 1733 at Berlin, where he studied anatomy and
physiology
  under the elder J. F. Meckel. He
graduated in
medicine
  at
Halle
  in 1759, his thesis being his famous Theoria generationis. After serving as a surgeon in the Seven Years' War, he wished to lecture on anatomy and
physiology
  in Berlin, but being refused permission he accepted a
call
  from the empress Catharine to become professor of those subjects at the
academy
  of St
Petersburg
 , and acted in this capacity until his death there in 1794.
While the theory of "
evolution
  " in the crude sensei.e. a simple growth in size and unfolding of organs all previously existent in the germwas in possession of the field, his researches on the development of the alimentary canal in the chick first clearly established the converse view, that of epigenesis, i.e. of progressive formation and differentiation of organs from a germ primitively homogeneous. He also largely anticipated the
modern
  conception of embryonic layers, and is said even to have foreshadowed the cell theory.


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