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Encyclopedia Britannica



WOLFENBUTTEL

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 773 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WOLFENBUTTEL , a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, situated on both banks of the Oker, 7 M. S. of Brunswick on the railway to
Harzburg
 . Pop. (1905) 19,083. Lessing was ducal librarian here, and the old library building, designed in 1723 in imitation of the Pantheon at Rome, contains a
marble
  statue of him. The library, including 300,000 printed books and 1o,000 MSS., was, however, transferred to a large and new Renaissance edifice in 1887. It is especially
rich
  in Bibles, incunabula and books of the early Reformation period, and contains some fragments of the
Gothic
  bible of Ulfilas. Opposite the old library is the palace, now occupied by a
seminary
 . The ducal burial-vault is in the church of St Mary.
A castle is said to have been founded on the site of Wolfenbuttel by a margrave of Meissen about 1046. When this began in 1267 to be the residence of the early Brunswick or Wolfenbuttel line of
counts
 , a town gradually grew up around it. In 1542 it was taken by the
Saxons
  and Hessians, who, however, evacuated it five years later after the battle of Miihlberg. In the Thirty Years' War, in June 1641, the Swedes, under
Wrangel
  and Konigsmark, defeated the Austrians under the archduke
Leopold
  at Wolfenbuttel. The town passed wholly into the possession of the Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel family in 1671, and for nearly one hundred years enjoyed the distinction of being the ducal
capital
 . In 1754, however, Duke Charles transferred the ducal residence to Brunswick.
See Voges, Erzahlungen aus der Geschichte der Stadt Wolfenbuttel (Wolfenbuttel, 1882); von Heinemann, Die herzogliche Bibliothek zu Wolfenbuttel (2nd ed., Wolfenbuttel, 1894). For the " Wolfenbtittel fragments " see LESSING and REIMABUS.


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