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Encyclopedia Britannica



WODEN

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 768 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WODEN , a deity of the Anglo-
Saxons
 , the name being the Anglo-Saxon counterpart of the Scandinavian Odin (q.v.). In
German
  the same god was called Wodan or Wuotan. Owing
to the very small amount of information which has come down to us regarding the gods of ancient
England
  and
Germany
 , it cannot be determined how far the
character
  and adventures attributed to Odin in Scandinavian mythology were known to other Teutonic peoples. It is clear, however, that the god was credited with
special
  skill in magic, both in
England
  and
Germany
 , while the story of the Langobardic migration (see
LOMBARDS
 ) represents him as the dispenser of victory. From Woden also most of the anglo-Saxon royal families traced their descent. By the Romans he was identified at an early date with Mercurius, whence our name " Wednesday " (Woden's day) as a
translation
  of dies Mercurii. Tacitus states that the ancient Germans worshipped Mercurius more than any other god, and that they offered him human sacrifices. Many scholars connect the origin of the deity with the popular
German
  and Swedish belief in a raging host (in Germany called das wutende Heer or Wutes Heer, but in
Sweden
  Odens Jagt), which passes through the forests an stormy nights. There is evidence, however, that deities similar to Woden were known to some of the ancient peoples of central Europe, e.g. the Gauls and Thracians. See TEUTONIC PEOPLES, ad fin. (H. M. C.)


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