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Encyclopedia Britannica



WITHERITE

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 759 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WITHERITE , a
mineral
  consisting of barium carbonate (BaCO3), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system. The crystals are invariably twinned together in groups of three, giving rise to pseudo-hexagonal forms somewhat resembling
bipyramidal
  crystals of quartz, the faces are usually rough and striated horizontally. The colour is dull white or sometimes greyish, the hardness is 32 and the specific gravity 4.3. The
mineral
  is named after W. Withering, who in 1784 recognized it to be chemically distinct from barytes. It occurs in veins of lead ore at Hexham in Northumberland, Alston in
Cumberland
 , Anglezark, near
Chorley
  in Lancashire, and a few other localities. Witherite is readily altered to barium sulphate by the action of water containing
calcium
  sulphate in solution, and crystals are therefore frequently encrusted with barytes. It is the
chief
  source of barium salts, and is
mined
  in considerable amounts in Northumberland. It is used for the preparation of rat poison, in the manufacture of glass and
porcelain
 , and formerly for refining
sugar
 . (L. J. S.)


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