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Encyclopedia Britannica



WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 752 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900) , American Jewish theologian, was born in Bohemia, but his career is associated with the organization of the Jewish reform
movement
  in the United States. From,the moment of his arrival in America (1846) his influence made itself felt. In 1854 he was appointed
rabbi
  at Cincinnati. Some of his actions roused considerable opposition. Thus he was instrumental in compiling a new
prayer
 -book, which he designed as the " American Rite " (Minhag America). He was opposed to political
Zionism
 , and the Montreal Conference (1897), at his instigation, passed resolutions disapproving of the attempt to establish a Jewish state, and affirming that the Jewish Messianic
hope
  pointed to a
great
  universal brotherhood. In keeping with this denial of a Jewish nationality, Wise believed in national varieties of Judaism, and strove to harmonize the
synagogue
  with local circumstances and sympathies. In 1848
he conceived the idea of a
union
 , and after a campaign lasting a
quarter
  of a century the
Union
  of American Hebrew Congregations was founded (1873) in Cincinnati. As a corollary of this he founded in 1875 the " Hebrew Union College " in the same city, and this institution has since trained a large number of ,the rabbis of America. Wise also organized various general assemblies of rabbis, and in 1889 established the Central Conference of American Rabbis. He was the first to introduce family pews in synagogues, and in many other ways " occidentalized " Jewish
worship
 .
See D. Philipson, The Reform
Movement
  in Judaism (1907). (I. A.)


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