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Encyclopedia Britannica



WINES OF THE UNITED

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 728 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WINES OF THE UNITED STATES
The cultivation of the vine has made very rapid strides in the
United States during the past half-century. Whereas in 185o the
production amounted to little more than a million gallons, the output
to-day is, in good years, not far short of 5o million gallons. The
result has been that the domestic wines have now very largely
displaced the foreign product for
ordinary
  beverage purposes. At
the same time, there is no reason to believe that the finer European
wines will be entirely displaced, inasmuch as these are characterized
by qualities of delicacy and breed which cannot be reproduced at
will. At the same time, there is no doubt that much of the wine
produced in the United States is of very fair quality, and this is
largely due to the fact that the Americans have been at great pains
to introduce the latest scientific methods in regard to the vine and
wine-making. Thus in parts of California, where high temperatures
are liable to prevail during the vintage, the systemfirst employed in Algeriaof cooling the must during fermentation to the proper temperature by means of a
series
  of pipes in which iced water circulates is now largely employed. The use of pure culture yeast derived from many of the most famous European vineyards has also done much towards improving the quality. In California there are, in addition to the native growths, vines from almost every European wine-growing centre, and the produce of these goes by such names as Riesling, Hermitage, Sauternes, Chianti, &c., in accordance with the
district
  of origin of the vine. California is the largest wine-growing state, as the Pacific slope seems particularly suitable to vine-growing. At the present time there are about 280,000 acres under the vine in California, and the number of vines is about 90 millions. The annual production is about 30 million gallons, of which rather more than one-half is dry wine. A good deal of sweet wine is also made, particularly in the Fresno
district
 , where, however, a large proportion of the grapes is grown with a view to making raisins. Following California, New
York
  and
Ohio
  are the most important wine-producing states. The centre of the wine trade of
Ohio
  is at Sandusky on the shores of Lake Erie. Here, as well as at Cleveland, " champagnes " and " clarets " and " sparkling Catawba " are the
chief
  wines produced. The latter was first made by Nicolas Longworth of Cincinnati. The Catawba is the
chief
  growth of the Lake Erie district; the other important vines being the
Delaware
  and Concord. New
York
  state, in which wine has been grown from a very early period, produces roughly three-quarters of all the domestic " champagnes."' There are about 75,000 acres under the vine in this state, and roughly 5 million gallons are produced annually. The wines grown on the Pacific slope are generally of a mild and sweet character, resembling in general nature the wines of southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal). In the eastern and middle states the wines produced are of a lighter type and of drier flavour, and are somewhat similar to the growths of Germany and France. At the present time America exports a considerable quantity of wine, and there is some trade in the United Kingdom in Californian " claret."


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