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Encyclopedia Britannica



WIMPFFEN, EMMANUEL FELIX DE (1811-1884)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 701 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WIMPFFEN, EMMANUEL FELIX DE (1811-1884) , French
soldier. Entering the army from the military school of St Cyr, he saw considerable active service in
Algeria
 , and in 184o became captain, in 1847 chef de bataillon. He first earned marked distinction in the Crimean War as colonel of a Turco regiment, and his conduct at the
storm
  of the Mamelon won him the grade of general of brigade. In the campaign of 1859 he was with General MacMahon at Magenta at the head of a brigade of Guard Infantry, and again won promotion on the field of battle. Between this campaign and that of 187o he was mainly employed in
Algeria
 , and was not at first given a command in the ill-fated " Army of the Rhine." But when the earlier battles revealed incapacity in the
commander
  of the 5th corps, De
Wimpffen
  was ordered to take it over, and was given a dormant commission appointing him to command the Army of Chalons in case of
Marshal
  MacMahon's disablement. He only arrived at the front in time to rally the fugitives of the 5th corps, beaten at Beaumont, and to
march
  them to
Sedan
 . In the disastrous battle of the 1st of September, MacMahon was soon wounded, and the senior officer, General Ducrot, assumed the command. Ducrot was beginning to withdraw the troops when
Wimpffen
  produced his commission and countermanded the order* In consequence it fell to him to negotiate the surrender of the whole French army. After his release from captivity, he lived in retirement at Algiers, and died at Paris in 1884. His later years were occupied with polemical discussions on the surrender of
Sedan
 , the responsibility for which was laid upon him.
He wrote, amongst other works, Sedan (1871), La Situation de la France, et les reformes'necessaires (1873) and La Nation armee
(1875).


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