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Encyclopedia Britannica



WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 683 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WIL-YAK
WILLIAMS, SIR WILLIAM FENWICK , Bart. (1800-1883), British general, second son of Commissary-General
Thomas
  Williams, barrack-master at
Halifax
 , Nova Scotia, was born at Annapolis, Nova Scotia, on the 4th of December 'Soo. He entered the Royal Artillery as second lieutenant in 1825. His services were lent to Turkey in 1841, and he was employed as a captain in the arsenal at
Constantinople
 . He was British
commissioner
  in the conferences preceding the treaty of Erzerum in 1847, and again in the
settlement
  of the Turko-Persian boundary in 1848 (brevet
majority
  and lieutenant-colonelcy and C.B.). Promoted colonel, he was British
commissioner
  with the Turkish army in Anatolia in the Russian War of 1854-56, and, having been made a ferik (lieutenant-general) and a pasha, he practically commanded the Turks during the heroic defence of Kars, repulsing several Russian attacks and severely defeating the Russian general Muraviev in the battle of Kars on 29th September 1855 Cold, cholera,
famine
  and hopelessness of succour from without, however, compelled Williams to make an honourable capitulation on the 28th of November following. A baronetcy with pension for life, the K.C.B., the grand
cross
  of the Legion of Honour and of the Turkish Medjidie, the freedom of the City of London with a sword of honcur, and the honorary degree of D.C.L. of Oxford University, were the distinctions conferred upon him for his valour. Promoted major-general in November 1855 on his return from captivity in Russia, he held the Woolwich command, and represented the borough of
Calne
  in
parliament
  from 1856 to 1859. He became lieutenant-general and colonel-commandant Royal Artillery in 1864, general in 1868, commanded the forces in Canada from 1859 to 1865, held the governorship of Nova Scotia until 1870, and the governorship of Gibraltar until 1876. He was made G.C.B. in 1871, and Constable of the Tower of London in 1881. He died in London on the 26th of July 1883.


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