WILLIAMSTOWN

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 686 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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WILLIAMSTOWN , a township of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, U.S.A., on the Hoosick and Green rivers, in the N.W. corner of the state, and about 20 M. N. of Pittsfield. Pop. (1890) 4221; (1900) 5013, of whom 929 were foreign-born and 138 were negroes; (1910 census), 3708. Williamstown is served by the Boston & Maine railway and by an interurban electric line to North Adams. It covers an area of about 49 sq. m. and contains five villages. Williamstown, the principal

village

VILLAGE

, is a pleasant residential centre on the Green river; it is surrounded by beautiful scenery and its streets are shaded by some fine old trees. Mission Park (ro acres) here is adorned by native
and foreign shrubs and by maples, elms, pines and arbor vitae, and " Haystack Monument " in this park marks the place where Samuel John Mills (1783-1818), in 18o6, held the prayer meeting which was the forerunner of the American foreign missionary

movement

MOVEMENT

. Williamstown

village

VILLAGE

is best known as the seat of Williams College, chartered in 1793 as a successor to a " free school " in Williamstown (chartered in 1785 and endowed by a bequest of Colonel Ephraim Williams). Besides recitation and residence halls, it has the Lawrence

Hall

Library (1846), containing (1910) 68,000 volumes, the Thompson Memorial Chapel (1904), the Lasell Gymnasium (1886), an infirmary (1895), the Hopkins Observatory (1837) and the Field Memorial Observatory (1882), the Thompson Chemical Laboratory (1892), the Thompson Biological Laboratory (1893) and the Thompson Physical Laboratory (1893). In 1910 the college had 59 instructors and 537 students. The fourth president of the college was Mark Hopkins (q.v.), and one of its most distinguished alumni was James A. Garfield, president of the United States, whose son, Harry

Augustus

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Garfield (b. 1863), became president of the college in 1908.
The principal manufactures of the township are

cotton

and woollen goods (especially corduroy), and market gardening is an important industry. The' limits of the township, originally called West Hoosac, were determined by a committee of the General Court of Massachusetts in 1749, and two or three years later the village was laid out. Two of the lots were immediately purchased by Captain Ephraim Williams (1715-1755), who was at the time

commander

COMMANDER

of Fort Massachusetts in the vicinity; several other lots were bought by soldiers under him; and in 1753 the proprietors organized a township government. Williams was killed in the battle of Lake George on the 8th of September 1755, but while in camp in Albany, New

York

YORK
YORK (HOUSE OF)
YORK, EDMUND OF
LANGLEY
- LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834-1906)
, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
YORK, EDWARD
YORK, FREDERICK
AUGUSTUS
- AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)
, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

, a few days before the battle, he drew a will containing a small bequest for a free school at West Hoosac, on condition that the township when incorporated should be called Williamstown. The township was incorporated with that name in 1765.
See A. L. Perry, Origins in Williamstown (New

York

YORK
YORK (HOUSE OF)
YORK, EDMUND OF
LANGLEY
- LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834-1906)
, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
YORK, EDWARD
YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

, 1894; 3rd ed. 1900) ; and Williamstown and Williams College (Norwood, Mass., 1899).
WILLIAMS-WYNN, SIR WATKIN, BART. (1592-1749), Welsh politician, was the eldest son and

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

of Sir William Williams, Bart., of Llanforda near Oswestry; his mother, Jane Thelwall, was a descendant of the antiquary, Sir John Wynn of Gwydir, Carnarvonshire. Educated at Jesus College, Oxford, Williams succeeded to Wynnstay near Ruabon and the estates of the Wynns on the death of a later Sir John Wynn in 1719, and took the name of Williams-Wynn. He was member of parliament for Denbighshire from 1716 to 1741, and was prominent among the opponents of Sir Robert Walpole; as a leading and influential Jacobite he was in communication with the supporters of Prince Charles Edward before the rising of 1745, but his definite offer of help did not reach the prince until the retreat to Scotland had begun. He died on the 26th of September 1749. His first wife, Ann Vaughan (d, 1748), was the heiress of extensive estates in Montgomeryshire which still belong to the family. His son and

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

, Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart. (1749-1789), was the father of another Sir Watkin (1772-1842), the 5th baronet. Two other sons attained some measure of distinction: Charles (1775-185o), a prominent Tory politician, and Sir Henry (1783-1856), a diplomatist. A daughter, Frances Williams-Wynn (d. 1857), was the authoress of Diaries of a Lady of Quality, 1797-r844, which were edited with notes by Abraham Hayward in 1864.
See Askew Roberts, Wynnstay and the Wynns (Oswestry, 1876).

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