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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WAT-WIL |
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WILKINSON, JOHN (1728-1808) , " the great Staffordshire iron-master," was born in 1728 at Clifton, Cumberland, where his father had risen from day labourer to be overlooker in an iron furnace. A box-iron, patented by his father, but said to have been invented by the son, helping laundresses to gratify the frilled taste of the dandies of the day, was the beginning of their fortunes. This they made at Blackbarrow, near Furness
wood
Watt
work
engine
engine
Watt
bellows there. Heretofore bellows were worked by a water wheel or, when power failed, by horses. His neighbours in the business, who were contemplating installing Newcomen engines, waited to see how his would turn out. Great care was taken in all its parts, and Watt himself set it up early in 1776. Its success made thereputation of Boulton and Watt in the Midland counties. Wilkinson now found he had the power alike for the nicest and the most stupendous operations. The steam cylinder suggested to him the plan of producing blast now in use. He was near coal; he surrounded himself with capable men, whom he fully trusted; he made a good article, and soon obtained large orders and prospered. In 1786 he was making 32-pounders, howitzers, swivels, mortars and shells for government. The difficulty of getting barges to carry his war material down the Severn led him, in 1787, to construct the first iron bargecreating a wonderful sensation among owners and builders. Wilkinson taught the French the art of boring cannon from the solid, and cast all thistubes, cylinders and iron work
\Vilkinson is said to have anticipated by many years the manager after his partner's death in 1770 of these and others. introduction of the hot blast for furnaces, but the leathern pipes, In this capacity he was both liberal and successful. He died then used, scorched, and it was not a success. His were the first on the 16th of November 1803. coal-cutting machines. He proposed and cast the first iron bridge. See his Memoirs (4 vols., 1790) and The Wandering Patentee (4 It connected Broseley and Madeley, across the Severn, and its vols., 1795) span of too ft. 6 in. was considered a triumphal wonder. Wilkin- WILL, in philosophy. The " Problem of Freedom " provides son was now a man of great means and greater influence. He in reality a common title under which are grouped difficulties issued tokens of copper, bearing his likeness and on the reverse and questions of varying and divergent interest
letter without using the word iron, indeed he was iron- of science, and psychologists alike recognize, to give an account, mad, and provided by will that he should be buried in an iron consistent with their theories, of the relation of man's power coffin, preferably in his garden at Castle Head, near Lindal. He of deliberate and purposive activity to the rest of the universe,died on the 14th of July 1808. In the main, no doubt, the problem is a metaphysical problem, Wilkinson was twice married without issue. His very large and has its origin in the effort to reconcile that belief in man's property was frittered away during a lawsuit brought by a freedom which is regarded by the unsophisticated moral con-nephew against the illegitimate children whom he had named as sciousness as indisputable, with a belief in a universe governed by his heirs. It was carried from various courts in the kingdom to rational and necessary laws. But the historical origin of the the House
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