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Encyclopedia Britannica



WIELICZKA

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 622 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WAT-WIL
WIELICZKA , a
mining
  town in
Galicia
 , Austria, 220 M. by
rail
  W. of
Lemberg
  and 9 m. S.E. of Cracow. Pop. (1900) 6012. It is built on the slopes of a hill which half encircles the place, and over the celebrated
salt
 -mines of the same name. These mines are the richest in Austria, and among the most remarkable in the world. They consist of seven different levels, one above the other, and have eleven shafts, two of which are in the town. The levels are connected by flights of steps, and are composed of a labyrinth of chambers and passages, whose length aggregates over 65 m. The length of the mines from E. to W. is 21 m., the breadth from N. to S. is 1050 yds. and the depth reaches 98o ft. Many of the old chambers, some of which are of enormous size, are embellished with portals, candelabra, statues, &c., all hewn in
rock
 -
salt
 . There are also two large chapels, containing altars, ornaments, &c., in
rock
 -salt, a room called the dancing saloon (Tanzsaal), where the objects of
interest
  found in the mines are kept; the Kronleuchtersaal, and the chamber Michatovice are also worth mention. In the interior of the mines are sixteen ponds, of which the large lake of Przykos is 195 ft.
long
 , rro ft. broad, and 10-26 ft. deep. The mines employ over 100o workers, and yield about 6o,000 tons annually. The salt of Wieliczka is well known for its purity and solidity, but has generally a grey or blackish colour. The date of the discovery of the mines is unknown, but they were already worked in the lrth
century
 . Since 1814 they have belonged entirely to the Austrian government. The mines suffered greatly from inundations in 1868 and 1879, and the soil on which the town is built shows signs of subsidence.
See E. Windakiewicz, Das Steinsaizbergwerk in Wieliczka (Freiberg, 1896).


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