WHARTON, FRANCIS (18201889)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 575 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WAT-WIL

WHARTON, FRANCIS (18201889) , American legal writer and educationalist, was born in Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania

PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

, on the 7th of March 1820. He graduated at Yale in 1839, was admitted to the bar in 1843, became prominent in

Pennsylvania

PENNSYLVANIA
PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

politics as a Democrat, and in Philadelphia edited the North American and United States

Gazette

GAZETTE

. He was professor of English history and literature at

Kenyon

KENYON, LLOYD KENYON, 1ST BARON (1732-1802)

College, Gambier,

Ohio

OHIO

, in 18561863. He took orders in the

Protestant

PROTESTANT

Episcopal church in 1862 and in 18631869 was

rector

RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

of St Paul's Church, Brook-line, Massachusetts. In 18711881 he taught ecclesiastical polity and canon law in the

Protestant

PROTESTANT

Episcopal Theological School at

Cambridge

, Massachusetts, and at this time he lectured on the conflict of laws at Boston University. For two years he travelled in Europe, and after two years in Philadelphia he went to Washington, D.C., where he was lecturer on criminal law (18851886) and then professor of criminal law (18861888) at Columbian (now George Washington) University; in 18851888 he was solicitor (or examiner of claims) of the Department of State, and from 1888 to his death on the 21st of February 1889 was employed on an edition (authorized by Congress) of the Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States (6 vols., 1889, ed. by J. B. Moore), which superseded Sparks's compilation. Wharton was a " broad churchman " and was deeply interested in the hymnology of his church. He received the degree of I.L.D. from the university of Edinburgh in 1883, and was the foremost American authority on international law.
He published: A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the United States (1846; many times reprinted); State Trials of the United States during the Administrations of Washington and Adams (1849) ; A Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the United States (1855) ; with Moreton Stifle, A Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence (1855) ; Modern Theism (18J9), in which he applied rules of legal evidence to modern sceptical theories; A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws (1872; 3rd ed. 1905) ; A Treatise on the Law of Negligence (1874) ; A Commentary on the Law of Agency and Agents (1876), A Commentary on the Law of Evidence in Civil Issues (1877; 3rd ed. 1888) ; a companion

work

WORK

on Criminal Evidence; Commentary on the Law of Contracts (1882); Commentaries on Law (1884) ; and a Digest of the International Law of the United States (3 vols. 1886).
See the Memoir (Philadelphia, 1891) by his daughter, Mrs Viele, and several friends; and J. B. Moore's Brief Sketch of the Life of Francis Wharton," prefaced to the first volume of the Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence.

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