WHARNCLIFFE, JAMES ARCHIBALD

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 574 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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WHARNCLIFFE, JAMES ARCHIBALD STUART-WORTLEYMACKENZIE, 1ST BARON (17761845), English statesman, was the son of Colonel Stuart, son of the 3rd

earl

EARL

of Bute and of his wife Mary Wortley-Montagu (Baroness Mountstuart in her own right), as whose

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

Colonel Stuart added the name of Wortley, taking later also that of Mackenzie (which his son in later life discarded) as

heir

HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

to his uncle J. S. Mackenzie of Rosehaugh. He entered the army, becoming colonel in 1797, but retired in 18or and devoted himself to politics, sitting in

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

as a Tory for Bossiney in

Cornwall

CORNWALL

till 1818, when he was returned for Yorkshire. His attitude on various questions became gradually more Liberal, and his support of Catholic emancipation lost him his seat in 1826. He was then raised to the peerage as Baron

Wharncliffe

WHARNCLIFFE, JAMES ARCHIBALD

of Wortley, a recognition both of his previous parliamentary activity and of his high position among the country gentlemen. At first opposing the Reform Bill, he gradually came to see the undesirability of a popular conflict, and he separated himself from the Tories and took an important part in modifying the attitude of the peers and helping to pass the bill, though his attempts at amendment only resulted in his pleasing neither party. He became lord privy seal in Peel's short ministry at the end of 1834, and again joined him in 1841 as lord president of the council. In 1837 he brought out an edition of the writings of his ancestress, Lady Mary Wortley-Montagu (new ed. 1893).
On his death in 1845 he was succeeded as 2nd baron by his eldest son, John Stuart-Wortley (18011855), whose son

Edward

EDWARD

, 3rd
baron (18271899), best known as chairman of the Manchester, Lincoln & Sheffield railway, converted under him into the

Great

GREAT

Central, was created 1st

earl

EARL

Wharncliffe

WHARNCLIFFE, JAMES ARCHIBALD

and Viscount Carlton in 1876; his name was prominently identified with railway enterprise, and became attached to certain features of its nomen-
clature. He was succeeded as end earl by his nephew Francis (b. 1856).
Among other members of the family, several of whom distinguished themselves in law, politics, art and the army, may be mentioned the 1st baron's third son, James Archibald Stuart-Wortley (1805--1881), recorder of London and solicitor-general; his son, C. B. Stuart-Wortley, K.C. (b. 1851), became well known
in

parliament

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

as under-secretary for the

home

office (1885, and 18861892) and deputy-chairman of committees.

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