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Encyclopedia Britannica



WELCKER, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB (1784-1868)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 500 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: WAT-WIL
WELCKER, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB (1784-1868) , German philologist and archaeologist, was born at
Grunberg
  in the grand duchy of Hesse. Having studied classical philology at the university of Giessen, he was appointed (1803) master in the high school, an office which he combined with that of lecturer at the university. In 1806 he journeyed to Italy, and was for more than a year private tutor at Rome in the family of Wilhelm von Humboldt, who became his friend and correspondent. Welcker returned to Giessen in 1808, and resuming his school-teaching and university lectures was in the following year appointed the first professor of Greek literature and archaeology at that or any German university. After serving as a volunteer in the campaign of 1814 he went to Copenhagen to edit the posthumous papers of the Danish archaeologist Georg Zoega (1755-1809), and published his biography, Zoegas Leben (Stutt. 1819). His liberalism in politics having brought him into conflict with the university authorities of Giessen, he exchanged that university for Gottingen in 1816, and three years later received a chair at the new university of
Bonn
 , where he established the art museum and the library, of which he became the first librarian. In 1841-1843 he travelled in
Greece
  and Italy (cf. his Tagebuch, Berlin, 1865), retired from the librarianship in 1854, and in 1861 from his professorship, but continued to reside at
Bonn
  until his death. Welcker was a
pioneer
  in the field of archaeology, and was one of the first to insist, in opposition to the narrow methods of the older Hellenists, on the necessity of co-ordinating the study of Greek art and religion with philology.
Besides early
work
  on Aristophanes,
Pindar
 , and Sappho, whose character he vindicated, he edited Alcman (1815), Hipponax (1817), Theognis (1826) and the Theogony of Hesiod (1865), and published a Sylloge epigrammalum Graecorum (Bonn, 1828). His Griechische Gatterlehre (3 vols., Gottingen, 1857-1862) may be regarded as the first scientific treatise on Greek religion. Among his works on Greek literature the
chief
  are Die Aschyleische Trilogie (1824, 6), Der epische Zyklus oder die Homerischen Gedichte (2 vols. 1835, 49), Die griechischen Tragodien mit Riicksicht auf den epischen Zyklus geordnet (3 vols., 1839--1841). His editions and biography of Zoega, his Zeitschrift fur Geschichte and Auslegung der
alien
  Kunst (Gottingen, 1817, 8) and his Alte Denkmdler (5 vols., 1849-1864) contain his views on ancient art.
See Kekul6, Das Leben F. G. Welckers (
Leipzig
 , 188o) ; W. von Humboldts Briefe an Welcker (ed. R. Haym, Berlin, 1859) ; J. E. Sandys, History of Classical Scholarship (vol. iii., pp. 216, 7, Cam-bridge, 1908).


End of Article: WELCKER, FRIEDRICH GOTTLIEB (1784-1868)


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