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Encyclopedia Britannica



WASHBURNE, ELIHU BENJAMIN (18161887)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 344 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
WASHBURNE, ELIHU BENJAMIN (18161887) , American statesman, born in Livermore,
Maine
 , on the 23rd of September 1816. He was one of seven
brothers
 , of whom four sat in Congress from as many different states. He received a common school education, graduated at the Harvard Law School in 1839, and was soon afterwards admitted to the bar. In 184o he removed to Galena,
Illinois
 . He was elected to Congress in 1852, where, first as a Whig and afterwards as a Republican, he represented his
district
  continuously until 1869, taking a prominent
part
  in debate, and earning the name "
watch
 -dog of the Treasury " by his consistent and vigorous opposition to extravagant and unwise appropriations. He contributed much to aid General Grant during the Civil War, and the latter on becoming President made Washburne secretary of state. On account of ill-
health
 , however, he served only twelve days, and was then appointed minister to France, where during the Franco-Prussian War and the Commune he won much distinction as
protector
  of German and other foreign citizens in Paris. He was the only foreign minister who remained at his post during the Commune. In 1817 he retired from public
life
 , and died in Chicago, Ili., on the 22nd of October 1887. He published Recollections of a Minister to France (2 vols., 1887), and edited The Edwards Papers (1884).


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