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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT |
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WARHAM, WILLIAM (c. 1450-1532) , archbishop of Canter-bury, belonged to a Hampshire family, and was educated at Winchester and New College, Oxford, afterwards practising and teaching law both in London and Oxford. Later he took holy orders, held two livings, and became master of the rolls in 1494, while Henry
marriage
Henry
Burgundy
Maximilian
great
tenure of both these offices was short, as in 1504 he became lord chancellor and archbishop of Canterbury. In 1509 the archbishop married and then crowned Henry VIII. and Catherine of Aragon, but gradually withdrawing into the background he resigned the office of lord chancellor in 1515, and was succeeded by Wolsey, whom he had consecrated as bishop of Lincoln in the previous year. This resignation was possibly due to his dislike of Henry's foreign policy. He was present at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, and assisted Wolsey as assessor during the secret inquiry into the validity of Henry's marriage
letter to Clement VII. which urged the pope to assent to Henry's wish. Afterwards it was proposed that the archbishop himself should try the case, but this suggestion came to nothing. He presided over the Convocation of 1531 when the clergy of the province of Canterbury voted roo,000 to the king in order to avoid the penalties of praemunire, and accepted Henry as supreme head of the church with the saving clause " so far as the law of Christ allows." In his concluding years, however, the archbishop showed rather more independence. In February 1532 he protested against all acts concerning the church passed by the parliament which met in 1529, but this did not prevent the important proceedings which secured the complete submission of the church to the state later in the same year. Against this further compliance with Henry's wishes Warham drew up a protest; he likened the action of Henry VIII. to that of Henry II., and urged Magna Carta in defence of the liberties of the church. He died on the 22nd of August 1532 and was buried in Canterbury cathedral. Warham, who was chancellor of Oxford University from 15o6 until his death, was munificent in his public, and moderate in his private life. As archbishop he seems to have been somewhat arbitrary, and his action led to a serious quarrel with Bishop Foxe of Winchester and others in 1512.See W. F. Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury (18601876) ; J. Gairdner in Diet. Nat. Biog., vol. lix. (1899), and The English Church in the 16th Century (1902); J. S. Brewer, Reign of Henry VIII. (1884); and A. F. Pollard, Henry VIII. (1905). End of Article: WARHAM, WILLIAM (c. 1450-1532) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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