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Encyclopedia Britannica



WAREHAM

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 324 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
WAREHAM , a market town and municipal borough in the eastern parliamentary division of Dorsetshire, England, 1212 M. S.W. by W. from London by the London & South-Western railway. Pop. (1901) 2003. It lies between the rivers
Frome
  and Piddle, 12 m. above their outflow into Poole harbour. The town is of high antiquity, and is partially surrounded by earth-works probably of British construction. The church of St Mary contains a chapel dedicated to St Edward, commemorating that Edward who was murdered at Corfe Castle in this neighbourhood, whose
body
  lay here before its removal to Shaftesbury. It also possesses a remarkable Norman font of lead. Two other ancient churches remain, but are not used for
worship
 . There are ruins of a priory dedicated to SS. Mary, Peter and Ethelwold, and the site of the old castle may be traced. The town and neighbourhood have been long noted for their lime and cement, and large quantities of potters', pipe, fire and other kinds of clay are sent to Staffordshire and to foreign countries. The borough is under a mayor, 4 aldermen, and 12 councillors. Area 251 acres.
Owing to its situation as a key of Purbeck, the site of
Ware
 -ham (Werham, Warham) has been occupied from early times. The earthworks, of British origin, were modified in almost every successive age. That Wareham was a pre-Saxon town is evident from Asser's statement that its British name was Durngueir. The early chroniclers declare that St Aldhelm founded a church near Wareham about 701, and perhaps the pricry, which is mentioned as existing in 876, when the Danes retired from
Cambridge
  to a strong position in this fort. Their occupation was not lengthy. Having made terms with Alfred, they broke the conditions and returned to
Cambridge
 . In the following year they were again at Wareham, which they made their headquarters. Beorhtric, the immediate predecessor of Ecgbert, was buried here. Further incursions made by the Danes in 998 and in 1015 under Canute probably resulted in the destruction of the priory, on the site of which a later
house
  was founded in the 12th century as a cell of the Norman abbey of Lysa, and in the decayed condition of Wareham in 1o86, when 203 houses
were ruined or waste, the result of misfortune, poverty and fire. The early castle, which existed before 1o86, was important during the civil wars of Stephen's reign; in 1142 Robert,
earl
  of Gloucester, on his departure for France, committed it to his son's charge. Stephen, however, surprised and took it, but it surrendered to the
earl
  in the same year on the king's refusal to send it aid. John fortified it against Louis of France in 1216, and during the civil wars it was the scene of much fighting, being stormed by the parliamentary forces in 1644. Wareham was accounted a borough in Domesday Book, and the burgesses in 1176 paid 20 marks for a default. In 118o-1181 they rendered account of 5 marks for erecting a gild without licence. The fee-farm of the borough was obtained in 1211, on a fine of roc marks. The constitution of Wareham underwent a
change
  during the years 1326-1338, when the governing
body
  of the bailiffs and commonalty were replaced by the mayor and bailiffs. In 158.7 Elizabeth granted certain privileges to Wareham, but it was not incorporated until 1703, when the existing fairs for April 6 and August 23 were granted. The port was important throughout the middle ages, and was required to furnish four ships for the French war in 1334. Considerable trade was carried on with France and Spain, cloth, Purbeck stone and, later, clay being largely exported.


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