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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT |
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VOSSIUS [Voss], GERHARD JOHANN (15771649) , German classical scholar and theologian, was the son of Johannes Voss, a Protestant
village
Vossius was amongst the first to treat theological dogmas and the heathen religions from the historical point of view. His principal works are Historia Pelagiana sive Historiae de controversiis coos Pelagius ejusque reliquiae moverunt (1618) ; Aristarchus, sive de arte grammalica (1635 and 1695; new ed. in 2 vols., 183335); Etymologicum linguae Latham (1662; new ed. in two vols., 176263) ; tion, and antiquarian research until his death on the on, until in 1595 he entered the university of Leiden, where he became the lifelong friend of Hugo Grotius, and studied 29th of March 1826. classics, Hebrew, church history and theology. In 1600 he Voss was a man of a remarkably independent and vigorous was made rector of the high school at Dort, and devoted character. In 178595 he published in two volumes a collection oforiginal
great
sentiment. In his hlythologische Briefe (2 vols., 1794), in which he But in spite of the moderation of his views and his abstention attacked the ideas of Christian Gottlob Heyne, in his Antisymbolik (2 vols., 182426), written in opposition to Georg Friedrich Creuzer from controversy, he came under suspicion of heresy, and (17711858), and in other writings he made important contributions escaped expulsion from his office only by resignation (1619). to the study of mythology. He was also prominent as an advocate The year before he had published his valuable history of of the right of free judgment in religion, and at the time when some Pelagian controversies, which his enemies considered favourer, members of the Romantic school were being converted to the Roman Catholic church he produced a strong impression by a the views of the Arminians or Remonstrants. In 1622, however, powerful article, in Sophronizon, on his friend Friedrich von Stol- he was appointed professor of rhetoric and chronology, and berg's repudiation of Protestantism (1819). It is, however, as a subsequently of Greek, in the university. He declined invita- translator that Voss chiefly owes his place in German literature. tions from Cambridge , but accepted from Archbishop Laud a IIis translations indicate not only sound scholarship but a thoroughmastery of the laws of German diction and rhythm. The most prebend in Canterbury cathedral without residence, and went famous of his translations are those of Homer. Of these the best to England to be installed in 1629, when he was made LL.D. at is the translation of the Odyssey,. as originally issued in 1781. He Oxford. In 1632 he left Leiden to take the post of professor also translated Hesiod, Theocrtus, Bion and lbloschus, Virgil, of history in the newly founded Athenaeum
Horace , Tibullus, Properties and other classical poets, and heprepared a critical edition of Tibullus. In 181829 was published, which he held till his death on the 19th of March 1649.in 9 Vols., a translation of Shakespeare's plays, which he com- His son ISAAK (16181689), after a brilliant career of scholar- pleted with the help of his sons Heinrich and Abraham, both of ship in Sweden, became residentiary canon at Windsor in 1673. whom were scholars and writers of considerable ability. He was the author of De septuaginla interpretibeas (1661), De J. II. Voss's Sdmttiche poetische II erke were published by his son Abraham in 1835; new ed. 1850. A good selection is in A. Sauer, poematum cantu et viribus rhythmi (1673), and Variorum Der Gatlinger Dichterbund, vol. i. (Kfirsc_hner's Deutsche National- observationum fiber (1685). literatur, vol. 49, 1887). His Letters were also published by his son in 4 vols. (182933). Voss left a short autobiography, Abriss meines Lebens (1815). See also W. Herbst, J. H. Voss (3 vols., 187276); A. Heussncr, J. H. Voss als Schulmann in Eutin
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