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Encyclopedia Britannica



VOLTURNO (anc. Volturnus, from volvere, to roll)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 207 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
VOLTURNO (anc. Volturnus, from volvere, to roll) , a river of central Italy, which rises in the neighbourhood of Alfedena in the central Apennines of Samnium, runs S. as far as Venafro, and then S.E. After a course of some 75 M. it receives, about 5 m. E. of Caiazzo, the Calore, only 3 m. less in length,which runs first N. and then W., and after 37 M. reaches
Benevento
 , near which it receives several tributaries; then curves round the
mountain
 
mass
  to the N. of the Caudine Forks, and so beyond Telese joins the
Volturno
 . The united stream now flows W.S.W. past
Capua
  (anc.
Casilinum
 ), where the Via Appia and
Latina
  joined just to the N. of the
bridge
  over it, and so through the Campanian plain, with many windings, into the sea. The direct length of the lower course is about 3r m., so that the whole is slightly longer than that of the Liri, and its basin far larger. The river has always had considerable military importance, and the colony of Volturnum (no doubt preceded by an older port of
Capua
 ) was founded in 194 B.C. at its mouth on the S. bank by the Romans; it is now about one mile inland. A fort had already been placed there during the Roman siege of Capua, in order, with
Puteoli
 , to serve for the provisioning of the army.
Augustus
  placed a colony of veterans here. The Via Domitiana from Sinuessa to
Puteoli
  crossed the river at this point, and some remains of the
bridge
  are visible. The river was navigable as far as Capua.
On the 1st of October 18Go the Neapolitan forces were defeated on the S. bank of the
Volturno
 , near S. Maria di Capua Vetere, by the Piedmontese and Garibaldi's troops, a defeat which led to the fall of Capua. (T. As.)


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