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Encyclopedia Britannica



VIZ

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 255 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
VIZ . 20 ft. As the season advances, the schools penetrate farther northwards into St George's Channel or eastwards into the English Channel. The fishery then assumes proportions which render it next in importance to the herring and cod fisheries. In Plymouth alone a
fleet
  of some two hundred boats assembles ; and on the French side of the Channel no less
capital
  and labour are invested in it, the vessels employed being, though less in number, larger in size than on the English side. The
chief
  centre, however, of the fishery in the west of England is at Newlyn, near Penzance, where the small local sailing boats are outnumbered by hundreds of large boats, both sail and steam, which come chiefly from Lowestoft for the season. Simultaneously with the
drift
 -net the deep-sea-seine and shore-seine are used, which towards June almost entirely supersede the
drift
 -net. Towards the end of May the old fish become heavy with spawn and are in the highest condition for the table; and the latter half of June or beginning of July may be regarded as the time at which the greater part of mackerel spawn. Considerable numbers of mackerel are taken off Norfolk and Suffolk in May and June, and also in September and October. There can be no doubt that they enter the North Sea from the English Channel, and return by the same route, but others travel round the north of
Scotland
  and appear in rather small numbers off the
east
  coast of that country. On the
Norwegian
  coast mackerel fishing does not begin before May, whilst on the English coasts large catches are frequently made in March. Large cargoes are annually imported in ice from Norway to the English market.
After the spawning the schools break up into smaller companies which are much scattered, and offer for two or three months employment to the hand-line fishermen. They now begin to disappear from the coasts and return to the open sea. Single individuals or small companies are found, however, on the coast all the year round; they may have become detached from the main bodies, and be seeking for the larger schools which have long left on their return migration.
Although, on the whole, the course and time of the annual migration of mackerel are marked with
great
  regularity, their
appearance
  and abundance at certain localities are subject to
great
  variations. They may pass a spot at such a depth as to evade the nets, and reappear at the surface some days after farther eastwards; they may deviate from their direct line of migration, and even temporarily return westwards. In some years between 1852 and 1867 the old mackerel disappeared off
Guernsey
  from the surface, and were accidentally discovered feeding at the bottom. Many were taken at to fathoms and deeper with the line, and all were of exceptionally large size, several measuring 18 in. and weighing nearly 3 lb; these are the largest mackerel on record.
The mackerel most esteemed as food is the common species, and individuals from to to 12 in. in length are considered the best flavoured. In more southern latitudes, however, this species seems to deteriorate, specimens from the coast of Portugal, and from the Mediterranean and Black Sea, being stated to be dry and resembling in flavour the Spanish mackerel (S. colias), which is not esteemed for the table. (A. C. G.; J. T. C.)


End of Article: VIZ


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