VITRIFIED FORTS

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 149 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT

VITRIFIED FORTS , the name given to certain rude stone enclosures whose walls have been subjected in a greater or less degree to the action of fire. They are generally situated on hills offering strong defensive positions. Their form seems to have been determined by the contour of the flat summits which they enclose. The walls vary in size, a few being up-wards of 12 ft. high, and are so broad that they present the

appearance

APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

of embankments. Weak parts of the defence are strengthened by

double

or triple walls, and occasionally vast lines of ramparts, composed of large blocks of unhewn and unvitrified stones, envelop the vitrified centre at some distance from it. No lime or cement has been found in any of these structures, all of them presenting the peculiarity of being more or less consolidated by the fusion of the rocks of which they are built. This fusion, which has been caused by the application of intense heat, is not equally complete in the various forts, or even in the walls of the same fort. In some cases the stones are only partially melted and calcined; in others their adjoining edges are fused so that they are firmly cemented together; in many instances pieces of

rock

are enveloped in a glassy enamel-like coating which binds them into a uniform whole; and at times, though rarely, the entire length of the

wall

WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the
original
- ORIGINAL
O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

presents one solid mass of vitreous substance.
Since John Williamsone of the earliest of British geologists, and author of The

Mineral

MINERAL

Kingdomfirst described these singular ruins in 1777, about fifty examples have been discovered in

Scotland

. The most remarkable are Dun Mac Uisneachain (Dun Macsnoichan), the ancient Beregonium, about 9 M. N.N.E. of Oban; Tap o' Noth, in Aberdeenshire; Craig Phadraic, or Phadrick, near Inverness; Dun Dhardhail (Dunjardil) in Glen Nevis; Knockfarrail, near Strathpeffer; Dun Creich, in

Sutherland

SUTHERLAND, EARLS AND DUKES OF

; Finhaven, near Aberlemno; Barryhill, in Perthshire;

Laws

LAWS

, near Dundee; Dun Gall and Burnt Island, in Buteshire; Anwoth, in Kirkcudbright; and Cowdenknowes, in Berwickshire. Dun Mac Uisneachain is the largest in area, being 250 yds. long by 50 yds. broad. In the Tap o' Noth the walls are about 8 ft. high and between 20 and 30 ft. thick. In Dun Mac Uisneachain, Barryhill and

Laws

LAWS

the remains of small rectangular dwellings have been found.
For a long time it was supposed that these forts were peculiar to

Scotland

; but they are found also in Londonderry and Cavan, in Ireland; in Upper Lusatia, Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony and Thuringia; in the provinces on the Rhine, especially in the neighbourhood of the Nahe; in the Ucker Lake, in Brandenburg, where the walls are formed of burnt and smelted bricks; in

Hungary

HUNGARY
HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

; and in several places in France, such as Chateauvieux, Peran, La Courbe, Sainte Suzanne, Puy de Gaudy and Thauron. They have not been found in England or Wales.
In some continental forts the vitrified walls are supported by masses of unvitrified stone built up on each side. This,
Battle of

End of Article: VITRIFIED FORTS

If you wish, you can link directly to this article.

<a href="http://jcsm.org/StudyCenter/Encyclopedia/VIR_WAT/VITRIFIED_FORTS.html">
VITRIFIED FORTS
</a>

(Previous)
VITRE

(Next)
VITRIOL

JCSM was founded in 1997 and exists to help the community and bring people into a life-changing and productive relationship with Jesus Christ. JCSM offers over 200,000 free web pages, including its weekly inspirational emails that were sent continuously for over a decade.

Jesus Christ Saves Ministries
P.O. Box 9297
San Diego, CA 92169
1-888-887-0417 or Email