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Encyclopedia Britannica



VISCHER, FRIEDRICH THEODOR (1807-1887)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 128 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
VISCHER, FRIEDRICH THEODOR (1807-1887) , German writer on the philosophy of art, was born at Ludwigsburg on the 3oth of June 1807, and was the son of a clergyman. He was educated at Tubingen, and began life in his father's profession. In 1835 he became Privatdozent in aesthetics and German literature at his old university, was advanced in 1837 to extra-
ordinary
  professor, and in 1844 to full professor. In consequence, however, of his outspoken inaugural address, he was suspended for two years by the Wurttemberg government, and in his enforced leisure wrote the first two volumes of his Aesthetik, oder WVissenschafl des Schonen (1846), the fourth and last volume of which did not appear till 1857. Vischer threw himself heartily into the
great
  German political
movement
  of 1848-49, and shared the disappointment of patriotic democrats at its failure. In 1855 he became professor at Zurich. In 1866, his fame being now established, he was invited back to Germany with a professorship at Tubingen combined with a post at the Polytechnikum of
Stuttgart
 . He died at Gmunden on the 14th of September 1887. His writings include literary essays collected under the titles. Kritische Gange and Altes and Neues, poems, an excellent
critical
  study of Goethe's Faust (1875), and a successful novel, Audi Einer (1878; 25th ed., 1904). Vischer was not an
original
  thinker, and his monumental Aesthelik, in spite of industry and learning, has not the higher qualities of success. He attempts the hopeless task of explaining art by the Hegelian dialectic. Starting with the definition of beauty as " the
idea
  in the form of limited
appearance
 ," he goes on to develop the various elements of art (the beautiful, sublime and comic), and the various forms of art (plastic art, music and poetry) by means of the Hegelian antitheses-form and content, objective and subjective, inner conflict and reconciliation. The shape of the
work
  also is repellently Hegelian, consisting of short highly technical paragraphs containing the main argument, followed by detailed explanations printed , in different type. Still, Vischer had a thorough knowledge of every branch of art except music, and much valuable material is buried in his volumes. In later life Vischer moved consider-ably away from Hegelianism, and adopted the conceptions of sensuous completeness and cosmic harmony as criteria of beauty; but he never found time to rewrite his
great
  book. His own
work
  as a literary artist is of high quality; vigorous, imaginative and thoughtful without academic technicality.
See O. Keindl, F. T. Vischer, Erinnerungsblatter (1888); J. E. von Gunthert, F. T. Vischer, ein Charakterbild (i888); I. Frapan, Vischer-Erinnerungen (1889); T. Ziegler, IF. T. Vischer (Vortrag) (1893) ; J. G.
Oswald
 , F. T. Vischer sits Dicker (1896). (H. ST.),


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