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Encyclopedia Britannica



VIRGINIUS RUFUS, LUCIUS (A.D. 15-97)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 126 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VIR-WAT
VIRGINIUS RUFUS, LUCIUS (A.D. 15-97) , Roman patriot
and soldier, three times
consul
  (A.D. 63, 69, 97), was born near Comum, the birthplace of the two Plinys. When
governor
  of
upper Germany under Nero (68), after he had put down the revolt of
Julius
  Vindex in Gaul, he was more than once urged by his troops to assume the supreme power; but he firmly refused, and further declared that he would recognize no one as emperor who had not been chosen by the senate. Galba, on his
accession
 , aware of the feelings of the German troops and uncertain as to the intentions of Virginius, induced him to accompany him to Rome. But Virginius, as always, remained loyal to the head of the state. After the death of Otho, the soldiers again offered the throne to Virginius, but he again refused it. Considering themselves slighted, they drew their swords upon him, and he only saved himself from their hands by making his escape through the back of the tent. But the soldiers never forgave the fancied insult. Under
Vitellius
 , during a military disturbance at
Ticinum
 , one of Virginius's slaves was arrested and charged with the
design
  of murdering the emperor. Virginius was accused of being implicated in the conspiracy, and his death was loudly demanded by the soldiers. To his credit
Vitellius
  refused to sacrifice so valuable a servant, on whose loyalty he could depend, to the vengeance of a capricious army. Virginius subsequently lived in retirement, chiefly in his villa at Alsium, on the
coast
  of Etruria, till his death in 97, in which year he held the consulship, together with the emperor Nerva. At the public burial with which he was honoured, the historiap Tacitus (then
consul
 ) delivered the funeral oration. The younger Pliny, hid
neighbour
  and ward, has recorded the lines which Virginius had ordered to be engraved upon his tomb:
" Hic situs est Rufus, pulso qui Vindice quondam Imperium asseruit non sibi sed patriae."
See Tacitus, Hist. i. ii.; Dio
Cassius
  lxiii. 24-27, lxiv. lxviii. 2; Pliny, Epp. ii. 1, vi. 10; Juvenal viii. 221, with Mayor's note; L. Paul in Rheinisches Museum (1899), liv. pp. 602-30.


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