VILLAMEDIANA, COUNT DE (1582-1622)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 73 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR

VILLAMEDIANA, COUNT DE (1582-1622) , Spanish poet, was born at Lisbon towards the end of 1582. His father, a distinguished diplomatist, upon whom the dignity of count was conferred in 1603, entrusted the education of the brilliant boy (Juan de Tassis y Peralta) to Luis Tribaldos de Toledo,73
the future editor of Mendoza's Guerras de Granada, and to Bartolome Jimenez Pat6n, who subsequently dedicated Mercurius Trismegistus to his pupil. On leaving Salamanca the youth married in 16o1, and succeeded to the title on the death of his father in 1607; he was prominent in the dissipated life of the

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

, acquired a bad reputation as a gambler, was forbidden to attend court, and resided in Italy from 1611 to 1617. On his return to Spain, he soon proved himself a fearless, pungent satirist. Such public men as Lerma, Rodrigo Calder6n and Jorge de Tobar writhed beneath his murderous invective; the foibles of humbler private persons were exposed to public ridicule in verses furtively passed from hand to hand. So

great

GREAT

was the resentment caused by these envenomed attacks that Villamediana was once more ordered to withdraw from court in 1618. He returned on the death of Philip III. and was appointed

gentleman

GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its
original
- ORIGINAL
and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

in waiting to Philip IV.'s

young

wife,

Isabel

ISABEL

de Bourbon, daughter of Henri IV. Secure in his position, he scattered his scathing epigrams in profusion; but his ostentatious attentions to the queen supplied his countless foes with a weapon which was destined to destroy him. A fire broke out while his masque, La Gloria de Niguea, was being acted before the court on the 15th of May 1622, and Villamediana carried the queen to a place of safety. Suspicion deepened; Villamediana neglected a significant warning that his life was in peril, and on the 21st of August 1622 he was murdered as he stepped out of his coach. The responsibility for his death was divided between Philip IV. and

Olivares

OLIVARES, GASPAR DE GUZMAN

; the actual assassin was either Alonso Mateo or Ignacio Mendez; and naturally the crime remained unpunished.
Villamediana's works, first published at

Saragossa

in 1629, contain not only the nervous, blighting verses which made him widely feared and hated, but a number of more serious poems embodying the most exaggerated conceits of gongorism. But, even when adopting the perverse conventions of the hour, he remains a poet of high distinction, and his satirical verses, more perfect in form, are instinct with a cold, concentrated scorn which has never been surpassed. (J. F.-K.)

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