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Encyclopedia Britannica



VILL

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 67 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR
VILL , the Anglicized form of the word villa, used in Latin documents to translate the Anglo-Saxon tun, township, " the unit of the constitutional machinery, the simplest form of social organization " (
Stubbs
 , Const. Hist. 39). The word did not always and at all times have this meaning in Latin-English documents, but " will " and " township " were ultimately, in English law, treated as convertible terms for describing a
village
  community, and they remained in use in legal nomenclature until the ecclesiastical parishes were converted into areas for civil administration under the Poor Law Acts. This technical sense is derived from the
late
  Latin use of villa for vicus, a
village
 . Thus
Fleta
  (vi. c. 51), writing in the time of
Edward
  I., distinguishes the villa, as a collection of habitations and their appurtenances, from the mansio, a single
house
 , nulli irking, and the manor, which may embrace one or more villae. In classical Latin villa had meant " country-
house
 ," " farm," " villa " (see VILLA) ; but the word was probably an abbreviation of vicula, diminutive of vicus, and in the sense of vicus it is used by
Apuleius
  in the 2nd century. Later it even displaced civitas, for city; thus Rutilius Numatianus in his Itinerarium speaks of villae ingentes, oppida parva; whence the French ville (see Du Cange, Glossarium lat. s.v. Villa). In the Frankish
empire
  villa was also used of the royal and imperial palaces or seats with their appurtenances. In the sense of a small collection of habitations the word came into general use in England in the French form "village." From villa, too, are derived villein and
villenage
  (q.v.) (see also


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