VICTOR IV

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 25 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR

VICTOR IV . was a title taken by two antipopes. (I) Gregorio Conti, cardinal priest of Santi Dodici Apostoli, was chosen by a party opposed to Innocent II. in succession to the antipope Anacletus II., on the 15th of March 1138, but through the influence of

Bernard

of Clairvaux he was induced to make his submission on the 29th of May. (2) Octavian, count of Tusculum and cardinal deacon of St Nicola in carcere Tulliano, the Ghibelline antipope, was elected at Rome on the 7th of September 1159, in opposition to Alexander III., and supported by the emperor Frederick

Barbarossa

BARBAROSSA ("Redbeard")

. Consecrated at Farfa on the 4th of October,

Victor

was the first of the

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of antipopes supported by Frederick against Alexander III. Though the

excommunication

EXCOMMUNICATION (Lat. ex, out of, away from; communis, common)

of Frederick by Alexander in March 116o made only a slight impression in Germany, this pope was nevertheless able to gain the support of the rest of western Europe, because since the days of Hildebrand the power of the pope over the church in the various countries had increased so greatly that the kings of France and of England could not view with indifference a revival of such imperial

control

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

of the papacy as had been exercised by the emperor

Henry

HENRY
HENRY (1129-1195)
HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng.
home
, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

III. He died at Lucca on the loth of April 1164 and was succeeded by the anti-pope Paschal III. (1164-1168) .
See M. Meyer, Die Wahl Alexanders III. and Victors IV. 1759 (Gottingen, 1871); and A. Hauck, Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, Band iv. (C. H. HA.)

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