VIBORG (Finnish Viipuri)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 17 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR

VIBORG (Finnish Viipuri) ,

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of a province of the same name in Finland, is situated at the head of the Bay of Viborg in the Gulf of Finland, at the mouth of the Saima Canal and on the railway which connects St

Petersburg

PETERSBURG

with Helsingfors. Population of the town (1904) 34,672, of the province 458,269. The Saima Canal (37 M. long), a fine engineering

work

WORK

, connects with the sea Lake Saimathe principal lake of Finland, 249 ft. above sea-leveland a

series

SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

of others, including Puruvesi, Orivesi, HSytianen and Kallavesi, all of which are navigated by steamers, as far north as Iisalmi in 63 30' N. lat. Viborg is thus the seaport of Karelia and eastern Savolaks, with the towns of Vilmanstrand (2393 inhabitants in 1904), St Michel (3933), Myslott (2687), Kuopio (13,519) and Iisalmi, with their numerous saw-mills and iron-works. Viborg stands most picturesquely on the glaciated and

dome

DOME (Lat domus,
house
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

-shaped granite hills surrounding the bay, which is protected at its entrance by the naval station of Bjorko and at its head by several forts. The castle of Viborg, built in 1293 by Marshal Torkel Knutson, was the first centre for the spread of Christianity in Karelia, and for establishing the power of Sweden; it is now used as a prison. Its lofty and elegant tower has fallen into decay. The court-

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

(1839), the town-house, the gymnasium (1641; with an excellent library), and the museum are among the principal buildings of the city. There are also a lyceum and two higher schools for girls, a school of navigation and several primary schools, both public and private, a literary and an agricultural society, and several benevolent institutions. There are foundries, machine works and saw-mills, and a considerable export of timber and

wood

products. The

coasting

COASTING

trade is also considerable.
The environs are most picturesque and are visited by many tourists in the summer. The park of Monrepos (Old Viborg), in a bay dotted with

dome

DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

-shaped islands, is specially attractive. The scenery of the Saima Canal and of the Finnish lakes with the grand as of Pungaharju; the Imatra rapids, by which the Vuoksen discharges the water of Lake Saima into Lake Ladoga, with the castle of Kexholm at its mouth; Serdobol and Valamo monastery on Lake Ladogaall visited from Viborgattract many tourists from St

Petersburg

PETERSBURG

as well as from other parts of Finland.

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