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Encyclopedia Britannica



VEXILLUM (Lat. dim. of velum, piece of cloth, sail, awning, or from vehere, vest um, to carry)

This article appears in Volume V28, Page 16 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR
VEXILLUM (Lat. dim. of velum, piece of cloth, sail, awning, or from vehere, vest um, to carry) , the name for a small
ensign
  consisting of a square cloth suspended from a
cross
 -piece fixed to a spear. The vexillum was strictly the
ensign
  of the
maniple
 , as signum was of the cohort, but the
term
  came to be used for all standards or ensigns other than the eagle (aquila) of the legion (see FLAG). Caesar (B.G. ii. 20) uses the phrase vexillum proponere of the red flag hoisted over the general's tent as a signal for the
march
  or battle. The standard-bearer of the
maniple
  was styled vexillarius, but by the time of the Empire vexillum and vexillarius had gained a new significance. Tacitus uses these terms frequently both of a
body
  of soldiers serving apart from the legion under a
separate
  standard, and also with the addition of some word implying connexion with a legion of those soldiers who, after serving sixteen years with the legion, continued their service, under their own vexillum, with the legion. The
term
  is also used for the scarf wrapped round a
bishop
 's
pastoral
  staff (q.v.). Modern science has adopted the word for the web or vein of a feather of a bird and of the large upper petal of
flowers
 , such as the pea, whose corolla is shaped like a butterfly.


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