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Encyclopedia Britannica



VESUVIANITE

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 1063 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR
VESUVIANITE , a
rock
 -forming
mineral
  of complex com-
position. It is a basic calcium and aluminium silicate con-
aining small amounts of iron, magnesium, water,
fluorine, etc., and sometimes
boron
 ; the ap-
proximate
formula
  is H2Ca6(Al,Fe)aSi5O18. It
crystallizes in the tetragonal system, but often
exhibits optical anomalies, and the optical sign
varies from positive to negative. Well-devel-
oped crystals are of frequent occurrence. They
usually have the form of four- or eight-sided
prisms terminated by the basal planes (c) and
pyramid-planes (p in fig.); the prism-planes are vertically
striated and the basal planes smooth and
bright
 . Crystals are
transparent to translucent, vitreous in lustre and vary in colour from brown to green; a sky-blue variety, called cyprine, owes its colour to the presence of a trace of copper. The specific gravity is 3.4 and the hardness 62. The name vesuvianite was given by A. G. Werner in 1795, because fine crystals of the
mineral
  are found at
Vesuvius
 ; these are brown in colour and occur in the ejected limestone blocks of Monte Somma. Several other names have been applied to this species, one of which, idocrase of R. J. Hauy (1796), is now in common use.
Vesuvianite is typically a mineral of contact-metamorphic origin, occurring most frequently in crystalline limestones at their contact with igneous
rock
 -masses; it also occurs in serpentine, chlorite-schist and gneiss, and is usually associated with garnet,
diopside
 , wollastonite, &c. Localities which have yielded fine crystallized specimens are the Ala valley near Turin, Piedmont, Monte Somma (
Vesuvius
 ), Monzoni in the Fassa valley, Tirol, Achmatovsk near Zlatonst in the Urals, the River Wilui
district
  near Lake Baikal in Siberia (" wiluite "), Christiansand in Norway, &c. When found in transparent crystals of a good green or brown colour it is occasionally cut as a gem-stone. A compact variety, closely resembling jade in
appearance
 , has been used as an ornamental stone. (L. J. S.) ,


End of Article: VESUVIANITE


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