VERCELLI (anc. Vercellae)

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 1017 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR

VERCELLI (anc. Vercellae) , a town and archiepiscopal see of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of

Novara

NOVARA

, 13 m. S. W. of that town by rail. Pop. (1901) 17,922 (town), 30,470 (commune). It is situated 430 ft. above sea-level on the river Sesia, at its junction with the Canterana. Vercelli is a point at which railways diverge for

Novara

NOVARA

, Mortara, Casale Monferrato and Santhia (for Turin). The walls by which Vercelli was formerly surrounded have been demolished, and their place is now occupied by boulevards, from which a fine view of the Alps (especially the Monte Rosa group) is obtained. The streets are for the most part tortuous and narrow; there is a large market-place (Piazza Cavour) with a statue of Cavour (1861). The cathedral is a large building dating from the 16th century; its library contains a number of rare ancient MSS., especially the Codex Vercellensis, one of the most important MSS. of the old Latin version of the Gospels, written in the 4th or 5th century by Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli. A museum close by contains Roman antiquities. The churches of S.

Andrea

ANDREA, GIOVANNI (1275-1348)

(a large and fine Romanesque

Gothic

GOTHIC

building dating from 12191224, with an interior in the French

Gothic

GOTHIC

style), S. Paolo, S. Caterina and S. Cristoforo possess valuable examples of the

work

WORK

of Gaudenzio Ferrari (14711546) and of his follower Lanini. Silk-spinning is important, and Vercelli is one of the principal Italian centres of the exportation of cereals and especially of

rice

. There are corn and

rice

mills of large size,
while

cotton

and woollen mills and factories of artificial manure, &c., have attained importance.
Vercellae was originally the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

city of the Libici (a Ligurian tribe) and afterwards became a Roman municipium of some importance. It stood at the junction of roads to Eporedia, Novaria and Mediolanum, Laumellum (for Ticinum) and perhaps Hasta. No ancient remains exist above ground, but many

inscriptions

INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

, tombs and other antiquities have been found. Remains of the theatre and amphitheatre were seen in the 16th century, and remains of ancient streets have more recently been found during drainage operations. There were apparently four principal streets all leading to the centre of the town where the Forum must have been situated. Of the walls, however, nothing is known except from medieval documents (cf. L. Bruzza, Iscrizioni antiche Vercellesi, Rome, 1874). In the neighbourhood (near Rotto on the Sesia) are the Raudii Campi where Hannibal won his first victory on Italian soil (218 B.C.), and where in lot B.C. Marius and Catulus routed the Cimbri. From about 1228 till 1372 Vercelli was the seat of a university. (T. As.)

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