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Encyclopedia Britannica



VANCOUVER ISLAND

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 884 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: VAN-VIR
VANCOUVER ISLAND , the largest of an archipelago of innumerable islands which fringes the Pacific
coast
  of Canada, being at the same time the largest
island
  on the west
coast
  of North America. It forms part of British Columbia. It extends from 48 20' to 51 N. and from 123 to 128 30' W., and is thus 285 m.
long
  and from 40 to 8o m. wide, with an area of about 20,000 sq. m., being nearly the size of Nova Scotia, which occupies a corresponding position on the Atlantic coast. It is bounded on the
south
  by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and is separated from the mainland of the province by the Strait of Georgia and Queen Charlotte Sound. A partially submerged range of mountains, which has been termed the Vancouver Range, runs parallel to the coast of British Columbia; a portion of this range
forms Vancouver
Island
 , and it again rises above the level I of the sea farther north, forming the Queen Charlotte Islands. The coast-line is generally precipitous. The west coast is much broken by bays and inletsthe transverse valleys of the-sunken rangewhich penetrate far inland. Among these may be mentioned the Alberni Canal, which is 20 M.
long
  with a fine harbour at its head, the width of the inlet varying from a half to one mile;
Nootka
  Sound, 6 rn. wide, and sending three arms inland which are from 40 to 16o fathoms deep, as well as Clayoquot, Esperanza, Kyuquot and Quatsino Sounds, which also penetrate deeply into the island. The general height of the mountain-range on Vancouver Island is from 2000 to 3000 ft.; some peaks are 6000 ft.; and Victoria
Peak
  is 7484 ft. high. The island is composed largely of crystalline and metamorphic rocks, but contains some cretaceous areas which hold extensive beds of coal, especially on the
east
  coast. These are
mined
  at Nanaimo, Ladysmith and other points. The island is covered everywhere with an exceedingly dense forest, which makes its interior very difficult to traverse, so that there are still portions of the island which have not been thoroughly explored. These forests yield immense supplies of magnificent timber, which together with the coal-field and fisheries constitute the
chief
  resources of the island. There are some level tracts on the
south
 -
east
  coast, as well as in the narrow, well-watered valleys of the interior, which afford excellent agricultural land on which cereals of all kinds, as well as all the fruits of the temperate zone, flourish, and which are also suitable for raising sheep and cattle. The climate of Vancouver Island, especially in the south, is wonder-fully mild for the latitudeas mild as that of
Great
  Britain, with dryer summers. The mean temperature of December at Victoria in the south of the island is about 41 Fahr.; while that of July is about 6o. In the north and west the rainfall is greater than on the south and east coasts. (F. D. A.)


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