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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TUM-VAN |
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ULEMA (Arab. 'ulama, sing. 'alim, literally " knowers," in the sense of sciences) , the learned of Islam
canon
judges , muftis, &c., all who, whether in office or not, are versed theoretically and practically in Muslim science in general. By " science " in this case
Ulema is used, in a Muslim state, of a council of such learned men, holding government appointments. If all conception of intermediary priesthood be eliminated, the Ulema may be said to be equivalent to the secular clergy of Roman Christendom (see DERVISH). Opposed to them, again, are the 'arils (" knowers," "perceivers," sentientes, as opposed to scientes), to whom religious knowledge comes in the vision of the mystic, not by tradition or reason (see SUFIIsm).On the training of the ulema see SUNNITES
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