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Encyclopedia Britannica



UJJAIN, or UJAIN

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 564 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TUM-VAN
UJJAIN, or UJAIN , a city of central India, in the state of Gwalior, on the right bank of the river Sipra, with a station on the branch of the Rajputana railway from Ratlam to
Bhopal
 . Pop. (1901) 39,892. Ujjain, known as Avanti in the Buddhist period and as Ozene to the Greeks, is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus and the traditional
capital
  of King Vikra maditya, at whose
court
  the " nine gems " of Sanskirt literature are said to have flourished. It marks the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is heard of first as the residence of Asoka (afterwards emperor), when viceroy of, the western provinces. It was sacked by the Mahommedans in 1235. Under
Akbar
  it became the
capital
  of Malwa, and during the last half of the 18th
century
  it was the headquarters of Sindhia. It contains few old buildings, though
relics
  of antiquity are often found on the abandoned site of the old city. It is now a centre of the
trade
  in Malwa opium, with a wealthy colony of Bohra merchants. The
principal
  institutions are the 'Madhava College (called after the present Maharaja), two state hospitals, and a dispensary belonging to the Canadian Presbyterian mission. A
great
  religious festival is held here every twelfth year.


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