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Encyclopedia Britannica



TURMERIC (from Fr. terre Write, turmeric, Lat. terra merita, deserved, i.e. excellent earth; Skeat suggests that it is a barbarous corruption, perhaps of Arabic karkam, kurkum, saffron or curcuma)

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 474 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TUM-VAN
TURMERIC (from Fr. terre Write, turmeric, Lat. terra merita, deserved, i.e. excellent earth; Skeat suggests that it is a barbarous corruption, perhaps of Arabic karkam, kurkum, saffron or curcuma) , the tuberous root of Curcuma longa, L., an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the natural order Zingiberaceae. It is a native of southern
Asia
 , being cultivated on a large scale both on the mainland and in the islands of the Indian Ocean. Turmeric has been used from a remote period both as a condiment and as a dyestuff, and to a more limited extent as a
medicine
  (now obsolete). In Europe it is employed chiefly as a dye, also as an ingredient in
curry
  powder and as a chemical test for alkalies. The root is prepared by cleaning it and drying it in an oven. There are several varieties (
Madras
 , Bengal, Gopalpur, Java, China and Cochin turmeric), differing chiefly in size and colour and to a slight degree in flavour. Some of these consist exclusively of the ovate central tubers, known as " bulbs," or " round turmeric," and others of the somewhat cylindrical lateral tubers, which are distinguished in
trade
  as " fingers," or "
long
  turmeric." Both are hard and tough, but break with a short resinous or waxy fracture, which varies in tint from an orange brown to a deep reddish brown. The colour is due to curcumin, C1,H1607, of which the drug contains about o3%. When pure it forms yellow crystals having a vanilla odour and exhibiting a fine blue colour in reflected light. It is soluble in alcohol, in chloroform and in alkaline solutions, but only sparingly in water.
Paper
  tinged with a tincture of turmeric exhibits on the addition of an alkali a reddish brown tint, which becomes
violet
  on drying. This peculiarity was pointed out by H. A.
Vogel
  in 1815, and since that date turmeric has been utilized as a chemical test for detecting alkalinity. It is of no therapeutic value. In Sierra Leone a kind of turmeric is obtained from a species of Canna.


End of Article: TURMERIC (from Fr. terre Write, turmeric, Lat. terra merita, deserved, i.e. excellent earth; Skeat suggests that it is a barbarous corruption, perhaps of Arabic karkam, kurkum, saffron or curcuma)


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