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Encyclopedia Britannica



TURF

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 414 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TUM-VAN
TURF , the top or surface of earth when covered with grass, forming a coherent
mass
  of mould or soil in which the roots of
grasses
  and other
plants
  are embedded. This is capable of being cut out in solid mat-like blocks, known by the same name. Similarly "
peat
  " (q.v.) when cut in pieces for
fuel
  or other purposes is also styled " turf." The
term
  is applied widely to any stretch or sward of trimmed grass-
land
 , and thus by metonymy, to
horse
 -racing and all connected with it,from the owning and running of race-horses to betting. The word " turf " is common to Teutonic
languages
 , cf. Du. turf, Ger. Torf, Dan. Mrs, &c. It has been connected with Skt. darbha, grass, so called from being matted or
twisted
  together, darbh, to wind. The Teutonic word was adapted in Med. Lat., as turba (cf. Fr. tourbe, Ital. torba), whence was formed turbaria, turbary, the right of digging and cutting turf in common with the owner of the
land
 . (See COMMONS.)


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