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Encyclopedia Britannica



TULA

This article appears in Volume V27, Page 366 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: TOO-TUM
TULA , a town of
Russia
 ,
capital
  of the government of the same name, 120 M. by
rail
  S. of Moscow, in the broad but low, marshy and unhealthy valley of the Upa. Pop. (1882), 63,500; (1901), 109,352. It is an old town of Old
Russia
 , but its growth began only towards the end of the 18th
century
  after the manufacture of arms had commenced. The
chief
  branch of industry is the making of rifles; next in importance comes the manufacture of samovars (tea-urns). Tula is an episcopal see of the Orthodox Greek
Church
 . The public buildings include two cathedrals and an industrial museum.
The town is first mentioned in 1147; but its former site seems to have been higher up the Tulitsa.Its wooden fort was replaced in 15141521 by a stone kreml, or citadel, which still exists. Tsar Boris Godunov founded a gun factory here in 1595, and in 1632 a Dutchman, Winius, established an iron foundry. Tsar Michael Alexis and Peter the
Great
 , especially the last-named,
took
great
 
interest
  in the gun factories, and large establishments so much prized. The flower is then said to be " rectified "; it is were built in 17o5'and 1714. a bizarre when it has a yellow ground marked with
purple
  or


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